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Body Structures TAP > 01c: Lungs, Heart > Flashcards

01c: Lungs, Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The trunk of the tracheobronchal tree:

A

Trachea

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2
Q

Easily recognizable structure, covered by rings of cartilage, in (X) mediastinum

A

Trachea;

X = superior

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3
Q

At (X), the trachea splits into:

A

X = TTP (transverse thoracic plane)

2 main primary bronchi

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4
Q

The main primary bronchi enter each lung at its:

A

Hilum

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5
Q

Contrast the structural features of R and L primary bronchi.

A

Right is shorter, wider, and runs more vertically

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6
Q

L main bronchus passes (superior/inferior) to aorta and anterior to which other structure(s)?

A

Inferior;

Anterior to esophagus and thoracic aorta

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7
Q

What’s the carina? Function?

A

Midline cartilaginous ridge in last tracheal ring; separates lumens of primary bronchi

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8
Q

T/F: the apices of both lungs are above the clavicles.

A

True

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9
Q

Foreign bodies more often pass into (R/L) primary bronchus. Why?

A

Right (shorter, wider, more vertical)

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10
Q

Upon complete obstruction of bronchus, the lung becomes (X), which causes it to (Y) and the mediastinal structures to (Z).

A 
X = atelectatic (nonaerated)
Y = collapse and shift laterally
Z = shift laterally, in same direction
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11
Q

Atelectasis of right lung will cause mediastinal structures to:

A

Shift to the right

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12
Q

Bronchial arteries, branches off of (X), supply:

A

X = thoracic aorta

Supporting tissues of lungs and visceral pleura

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13
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): embolus forms in (X) when (Y) travels from/to which structures?

A 
X = pulmonary artery
Y = blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble

To lungs, typically from leg vein

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14
Q

About (X)% of heart lies on right and (Y)% lies on left.

A 
X = 33
Y = 67
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15
Q

The inferior border of anterior heart (in situ) is delineated by:

A

The right ventricle

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16
Q

Apex of heart is formed by:

A

Left ventricle

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17
Q

The (X) is the sac enclosing the heart. List layers, from superficial to deep.

A

X = pericardium

  1. Fibrous
  2. Parietal serous
  3. Visceral serous
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18
Q

The pericardial sinuses are (X) of (Y) that form during development.

A 
X = reflections 
Y = serous pericardium
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19
Q

List the pericardial sinuses.

A
  1. Transverse

2. Oblique

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20
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus lies superior to (X), posterior to (Y), and anterior to (Z).

A 
X = atria
Y = pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
Z = SVC
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21
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus primarily separates:

A

SVC from pulmonary artery and aorta

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22
Q

(X) pericardial sinus is especially important for cardiac surgeons

A

X = transverse

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23
Q

(X) valve separates RA and RV.

A

X = tricuspid

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24
Q

(X) valve separates LA and LV.

A

X = bicuspid (mitral)

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25
Q

Blood flowing from RV to (X) passed through (Y) valve.

A 
X = pulmonary trunk/arteries
Y = pulmonary
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26
Q

Blood flowing from LV to (X) passed through (Y) valve.

A 
X = aorta 
Y = aortic
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27
Q

List valves with three cusps.

A
  1. Tricuspid
  2. Pulmonary
  3. Aortic
28
Q

List valves with two cusps.

A

Bicuspid

29
Q

Tricuspid valve has which cusps?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Septal
30
Q

Bicuspid valve has which cusps?

A

Anterior and posterior

31
Q

Pulmonary valve has which cusps?

A
  1. Right
  2. Left
  3. Anterior
32
Q

Aortic valve has which cusps?

A
  1. Right
  2. Left
  3. Posterior
33
Q

Pectinate muscles in (X) function to:

A

X = Walls of atria

Direct blood toward ventricles

34
Q

Cista terminalis is (X) in (Y) part of heart.

A 
X = thick, smooth muscular ridge
Y = right atrium
35
Q

Opening of (X) is found in (Y). Through it drains deoxygenated blood from the heart itself, into (Z) system.

A 
X = coronary sinus
Y = right atrium
Z = coronary venous
36
Q

Fossa ovalis is remnant of (X) and found in which part of heart?

A

X = foramen ovale (closes at birth)

Found in right atrium

37
Q

Right auricle functions to:

A

Increase capacity of atrium (extra space to accommodate excess blood)

38
Q

Chordate Tendinae in (X) function to:

A

X = ventricles

Stabilize valve cusps and keep AV valves closed during ventricular contraction

39
Q

Chordae tendinae are tightened by (X).

A

X = papillary muscle contraction

40
Q

Trabeculae Carnae are (X) in (Y).

A 
X = muscular ridges
Y = ventricles
41
Q

The moderator band is a(n) (X) and found in (Y). It’s part of the (Z).

A 
X = muscular band
Y = right ventricle
Z = conduction system
42
Q

Tricuspid valve sounds project to:

A
  1. Midline

2. Left side of sternum at 5th intercostal space

43
Q

Mitral valve sounds project to:

A

Apex at 5th intercostal space, below left nipple

44
Q

Aortic semilunar valve sounds project to:

A
  1. Right of sternum at 2nd intercostal space

2. Neck (over carotid artery)

45
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve sounds project to:

A

Left over sternum at 2nd intercostal space

46
Q

The (X) is a normal fetal artery that, if remains open in an adult, is called (Y) and produces murmur that can be heard at what location?

A 
X = ductus arteriosus
Y = patent ductus arteriosus

Just lateral to auscultation area of pulmonary semilunar valve

47
Q

List branches of right coronary artery

A
  1. Sinoatrial nodal a
  2. R Marginal a
  3. Posterior interventricular a
48
Q

List branches of left coronary artery

A
  1. Anterior interventricular a

2. Circumflex a

49
Q

Anterior interventricular a is also called (X).

A

X = LAD (left anterior descending a)

50
Q

Coronary arteries supply which specific tissues?

A
  1. Myocardium (muscular tissue)

2. Epicardium (innermost layer of pericardium)

51
Q

The cardiac veins can drain into which structures?

A

Coronary sinus or RA

52
Q

Which cardiac veins drain into coronary sinus?

A

Great, middle, small cardiac veins

53
Q

Great cardiac vein found with (X) artery.

A

X = anterior interventricular

54
Q

Middle cardiac vein found with (X) artery.

A

X = posterior interventricular

55
Q

Small cardiac vein found with (X) artery.

A

X = right marginal

56
Q

Which cardiac veins drain into RA?

A

Anterior cardiac veins

57
Q

The (X) nerve loops around arch of aorta, near (Y).

A 
X = left recurrent laryngeal 
Y = ligamentum arteriosum
58
Q

The (X) nerve hooks around the right subclavian artery.

A

X = right recurrent laryngeal

59
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal is branch off of (X). Left recurrent laryngeal is branch off of (Y).

A

X = Y = vagus nerve

60
Q

At sternal angle, the trachea:

A

Bifurcates into main bronchi

61
Q

At the sternal angle, the aorta:

A

arch begins and ends

62
Q

On PA radiograph, what forms right border of mediastinum shadow?

A
  1. SVC and IVC

2. RA

63
Q

On PA radiograph, what forms left border of mediastinum shadow?

A
  1. Aortic arch
  2. Pulmonary trunk
  3. Left auricle
  4. Left ventricle
64
Q

The eparterial bronchus is which bronchus?

A

Right superior

65
Q

Mediastinum contains which structures?

A

Thymus, esophagus, trachea, and heart.

66
Q

(AP/PA) X-ray is less preferable due to (normal/enlarged) heart image.

A

AP; enlarged

Body Structures TAP (12 decks)

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