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Flashcards in 02: Drugs Deck (39)
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1
Q

Neuroleptics and oral contraceptives (increase/decrease) metabolism of (SSRI/TCA)

A

Decrease

TCAs (by CYP450)

2
Q

Give examples of drugs/substances that increase TCA drug metabolism

A

Cigarettes and barbiturates

3
Q

TCAs can block the centrally mediated anti-HT effect of which drug?

A

Clonidine

4
Q

A rare and severe reaction can occur if TCAs are combined with which other antidepressant?

A

MAOi

Hyperpyrexia, convulsions, coma Sx

5
Q

T/F: Li partially substitute for Na in excitable cells (ex: neurons)

A

True

6
Q

Li (simulated/inhibits) (influx/efflux) of (X) through NMDA receptor.

A

Inhibits
Influx
X = Ca

7
Q

Li primarily excreted via:

A

PCT (kidney)

8
Q

Na (overload/depletion) decreases Li clearance and increases risk of toxicity.

A

Depletion

9
Q

List examples of CNS (stimulants/sedatives) that act by blocking vesicular monoamine transporters.

A

Stimulants;

Amphetamines, Meth, MDMA (ecstacy)

10
Q

Amphetamines MOA

A
  1. Inhibits monoamine reuptake
  2. Increases monoamine release at synapse (disrupts vesicular storage, thus causing increase in their non-vesicular release)
11
Q

MDMA primary effects in the brain on (X) neurons

A

X = serotonergic

12
Q

Death from Cocaine can result

from the drug’s propensity to cause (X), even at low doses.

A

X = hyperthermia

Increased heat production, Impaired autonomal adjustment to heat, Impaired heat perception

13
Q

Peripherally, cocaine potentiates actions of (X) NT. Thus, patient will present with (brady/tachy)-cardia, (hyper/hypo)-tension, (dilated/constricted) pupils.

A

X = NE

Tachy; hyper; dilated

14
Q

The positive reinforcing properties of psychostimulants are associated with the activation of the (X) NT system.

A

X = mesolimbic (DA)

15
Q

Projections to the (X) brain structure are associated with

habit formation

A

X = Dorsal striatum

16
Q

Medical uses of cocaine are currently limited to:

A
  1. Topical/local anesthetic
  2. Vasoconstrictor for ENT surg

Dose not to exceed 10% (or 200 mg)

17
Q

Medical uses of amphetamines are currently limited to:

A
  1. Obesity??
  2. ADHD
  3. Narcolepsy
18
Q

Modafinil is used to treat:

A

sleepiness (but NOT cataplexy) of narcolepsy

19
Q

MPH (methylphenidate) is structurally similar to (X) drug, but its effects are similar to those of (Y) drug.

A
X = amphetamines
Y = cocaine

DAT inhibition;
Also NET inhibition

20
Q

(X) drug is used to treat ADHD, but is NOT a stimulant. What’s its MOA?

A

X = Atomoxetine

Inhibits NE reuptake selectively (but not DA, so not likely abused)

21
Q

T/F: Adopted children tend to show the drinking patterns characteristic of their biological rather than their adoptive parents.

A

True

22
Q

Delirium tremens, aka (X), has mortality rate of (Y)%.

A
X = delirium from alcohol/benzos withdrawal
Y = 20!!!
23
Q

(X) drug is used for alcohol withdrawal, particularly in patients who have liver failure

A

X = lorazepam

24
Q

(X) drug blocks the breakdown of alcohol and results in (Y) accumulation. Thus, ingestion of alcohol causes intense nausea, HA, and flushing, which act as aversive stimuli.

A
X = Disulfuram (antabuse)
Y = acetaldehyde
25
Q

For moderate (instead of heavy) alcohol drinkers, (X) drugs may be useful since they blunt the positive effects of alcohol.

A

X = naltrexone or acomprosate

26
Q

The classic clinical triad of opioid overdose:

A

Coma, resp depression, miosis

27
Q

T/F: Like barbituate/EtOH withdrawal, opioid withdrawal can be quite fatal

A

False - rarely fatal (“flu-like” illness/Sx)

28
Q

In general, stimulants (drugs) work by (increasing/decreasing) the availability of (X) NT in brain synapses.

A

Increasing

X = DA

29
Q

Some stimulant drugs, such as (X), work by stimulating the release of (Y).

A
X = amphetamines
Y = DA
30
Q

Some stimulant drugs, such as (X), work by inhibiting the reuptake of (Y).

A
X = Cocaine
Y = DA
31
Q

The “high” of cocaine dissipates quickly and is often followed by (X) mood. This change can occur in as little as (Y) amount of time.

A
X = depressive
Y = under 1 h
32
Q

Patient in ER appears agitated, combative, and nasal mucosal atrophy. You suspect (X) drug use and can verify by checking pupils for (miosis/mydriasis). Which psychotic symptoms, if any, would you most commonly witness in this patient?

A

X = cocaine
Mydriasis

Tactile (“cocaine bugs” crawling on skin)

33
Q

Which drugs are used to treat stimulant misuse/toxicity?

A
  1. Benzos (to treat agitation)
  2. Antipsychotics

SUPER important to treat CV symptoms as well as to prevent seizures

34
Q

List examples of hallucinogens (drugs).

A
  1. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
  2. PCP (phencyclidine)
  3. Cannabis (marijuana, hashish)
35
Q

T/F: LSD and PCP are both orally ingested.

A

False - PCP is smoked

36
Q

LSD v PCP: which NT systems affected?

A

LSD: increase SA availability
PCP: bind NMDA receptors of glutamate-gated ion channels

37
Q

(LSD/PCP) use is associated with elevated blood pressure, agitation, and episodes of violent behavior

A

PCP

38
Q

Hyperthermia and horizontal/vertical nystagmus is seen in patients with (X) drug use.

A

X = PCP

39
Q

Elevated levels of (X), a metabolite of nicotine, are found in the urine of smokers.

A

X = cotinine