04.1 Functions of the Stomach Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 04.1 Functions of the Stomach Deck (16)
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1
Q

What does the stomach do upon receiving food?

A

Dis tends

2
Q

How does the stomach distend?

A

Rugae allow expansion

Relaxation via the vagus nerve

3
Q

How does the stomach disrupt food?

A

Peristalsis mixes

Smaller contents accelerate forwards due to shape but lumps left behind.

4
Q

What is the function of acid in the stomach?

A

Converts pepsinogen to pepsin

Disinfects the contents

5
Q

What do parietal cells release?

A

Hydrochloric acid

Intrinsic factor

6
Q

What do chief cells release?

A

Pepsinogen

7
Q

What do g cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

8
Q

What do enterochromaffin like cells secrete?

A

Histamine

9
Q

What do d cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

10
Q

What increases parietal cell activity?

A

Vagus nerve
Histamine from ECL
Gastrin from g cells

11
Q

What stimulates gastrin release?

A

Peptides and amino acids

Vagal stimulation

12
Q

What inhibits g cells?

A

Somatostatin from d cells

13
Q

What is the mechanism that inhibits acid production?

A

1-When food leaves, pH falls.
Low pH activates d cells to secrete somatostatin.
Somatostatin inhibits g cells and ECL cells (which usually stimulate parietal cells)

2-Stomach distension reduces
This leads to reduced vagal activity

14
Q

What are 4 defences the stomach has against damage?

A

Mucus layer
Alkaline HCO3
High turnover of cells
Prostaglandins which maintain mucosal blood flow

15
Q

What can breach these stomach defences?

A

Alcohol dissolves mucus
Helicobacter pylori
NSAIDs (inhibit prostaglandin)

16
Q

What are the basic functions of the stomach?

A

Receive food
Disrupt food
Continue digestion
Disinfect