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Body Structures TAP > 04b: Genital Systems > Flashcards

04b: Genital Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior border of perineum

A

Pubic symphysis

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2
Q

Lateral border of perineum

A
  1. Ischiopubic ramus
  2. Ischial tuberosities
  3. Sacrotuberous ligaments
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3
Q

Posterior border of perineum

A

Tip of coccyx

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4
Q

Contents of perineum

A

External genitalia and anal opening

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5
Q

A transverse line down perineum, drawn between (X) landmarks, demarcates anterior (Y) triangle and posterior (Z) triangle.

A 
X = ischial tuberosities
Y = urogenital
Z = anal
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6
Q

Genital tubercle becomes (X) in females and (Y) in males.

A 
X = Glans of clitoris
Y = Glans of penis
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7
Q

Genital folds become (X) in females and (Y) in males.

A 
X = Labia minora
Y = Raphe of penis (on inferior surface)
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8
Q

Genital swellings become (X) in females and (Y) in males.

A 
X = Labia majora
Y = scrotal pouches
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9
Q

Urogenital groove becomes (X) in females and (Y) in males.

A 
X = vestibule
Y = (closes) to become penile urethra
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10
Q

T/F: Male and female erectile tissues are structurally equivalent.

A

True

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11
Q

Superficial erectile tissue: The (X) of clitoris is/are comparable to (Y) of penis. Both associated with lateral, (Z) muscle.

A 
X = Body and crura
Y = crura (part of corpora cavernosus)
Z = ischiocavernosus
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12
Q

Superficial erectile tissue: The bulbs and glans of both (X) in females and (Y) in males are associated with (Z) muscle.

A 
X = vestibule and clitoris (respectively)
Y = penis
Z = bulbospongiosus
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13
Q

Female external genitalia is formally called:

A

Vulva

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14
Q

Greater vestibular, aka (X) glands, are located near (Y) and function to (Z).

A 
X = Bartholin's
Y = (posterior to) vaginal opening
Z = secrete fluid during arousal
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15
Q

(Male/female) greater vestibular gland is equivalent to (X) (male/female) gland.

A

Female;
X = bulbourethral
Male

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16
Q

Lesser vestibular, aka (X) glands, are located near (Y) and function to (Z).

A 
X = Skene's
Y = distal urethra (anterior wall of vagina)
Z = secrete fluid during arousal
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17
Q

(Male/female) lesser vestibular gland is equivalent to (X) (male/female) gland.

A

Female;
X = prostate
Male

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18
Q

T/F: Variation in labia minora size is normal.

A

True

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19
Q

Foreskin covers (X) and extends over (Y) of penis. What’s its function?

A 
X = shaft
Y = glans

Inner layer is mucocutaneous (lubricaes and protects glans)

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20
Q

List locations of the (X) sets of erectile tissue.

A

X = 2

  1. Midline
  2. Attached to ischial ramus
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21
Q

Midline erectile tissue is fused in (males/females) and unfused in (males/females).

A

Males; Females

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22
Q

The internal structure of penis is made up of (X) cylinders of erectile tissue. List them.

A

X = 3

2 dorsal corpora cavernosa
1 ventral corpus spongiosum

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23
Q

The urethra passes through (X) in the penis.

A

X = corpus spongiosum

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24
Q

Penis erectile tissue is held together by deep fascia of penis, aka (X) fascia, and enclosed by fibrous capsule called (Y).

A 
X = Buck's (continuation of deep perineal fascia)
Y = Tunica albuginea
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25
Q

Semen comes out of (X) structure.

A

X = urethra

Shared passageway between urine and semen

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26
Q

Pudendal nerve roots:

A

Ventral rami of S2-4

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27
Q

Dorsal nerve of penis originates from:

A

Pudendal nerve

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28
Q

Perineal nerve originates from:

A

Pudendal nerve

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29
Q

Male external genitalia primarily innervated by:

A

Dorsal nerve of penis

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30
Q

Male external genitalia blood supply:

A
  1. Internal pudendal artery

2. Superficial and deep branches of external pudendal artery

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31
Q

Internal pudendal artery branch of (X).

A

X = internal iliac

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32
Q

External pudendal artery branch of (X).

A

X = femoral artery

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33
Q

Ambiguous genitalia may arise from excess/deficient (X) effect.

A

X = androgen

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34
Q

Clitoromegaly refers to:

A

abnormal enlargement of clitoris

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35
Q

Default development, in absence of (X), is (male/female).

A

X = Y chromosome

Female

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36
Q

(X) system structures require (Y) to develop further, so they ultimately degenerate in female.

A 
X = mesonephros
Y = testosterone
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37
Q

List remnants of mesonephros in (male/female) following system degeneration.

A

Female;

  1. Epoophoron and paroophoron (in mesovarium)
  2. Gartner’s cysts (near vagina)
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38
Q

In female development of internal genitalia, the (X) ducts continue to develop. They (divide/fuse), starting at the (proximal/distal) end.

A

X = paramesonephric

Fuse; Distal

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39
Q

Fused portion of paramesonephric ducts forms (X). Unfused portion forms (Y).

A 
X = uterus
Y = fallopian/uterine tubes
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40
Q

During development, female gonad, aka (X), migrates (superiorly/inferiorly/laterally) from original position in (Y) and into (Z).

A

X = ovary
Inferiorly;
Y = abdomen
Z = pelvis

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41
Q

The migration of female gonad is due to (shortening/lengthening) of (X).

A

Shortening;

X = gubernaculum

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42
Q

Remnants of gubernaculum in females.

A
  1. Ligament of ovary

2. Round ligament of uterus

43
Q

Ovarian ligament connects:

A

Ovary to uterus

44
Q

Round ligament connects:

A

Uterus to labia major

45
Q

In females, the (X) ligament travels through (Y) canal to connect (Z) to labia major.

A 
X = round
Y = inguinal
Z = uterus
46
Q

Uterus is (anterior/posterior) to bladder. Vagina is (anterior/posterior) to bladder.

A

Both are posterior

47
Q

T/F: Fertilization occurs in wall of uterine fundus.

A

False

48
Q

List parts of uterine/fallopian tube, from medial to lateral. Star the spot of typical fertilization.

A
  1. Isthmus
  2. Ampulla*
  3. Infundibulum (with fimbriae)
49
Q

Long axis of uterine body is bent (forward/backward) on long axis of cervix. This means uterus is (X).

A

Forward;

X = anteflexed

50
Q

Long axis of whole uterus is bent (forward/backward) on long axis of vagina. This means uterus is (X).

A

Forward;

X = anteverted

51
Q

During bimanual exam, it’s important to palpate (X) with one hand while pressing (Y) through (Z) wall with other hand.

A 
X = posterior fornix
Y = uterus
Z = abdominal wall (externally)
52
Q

T/F: A retroverted uterus can be normal.

A

True

53
Q

Cervical epithelium is comprised of which cell type?

A

Single-layer of columnar epithelium

54
Q

Vaginal epithelium is comprised of which cell type?

A

Stratified, non-keratinized squamous epithelium

55
Q

A woman who has given birth has transformation zone, aka boundary between (X), that’s (visible/not visible) from vagina.

A

X = cervical and vaginal epithelia

Visible

56
Q

Vagina is a midline (X) tube between (Y) and (Z). How long is it typically?

A 
X = fibromuscular
Y = vestibule (of external genitalia)
Z = cervix

About 3.5 inches

57
Q

(X) pouch of Douglas can be accessed via which structure in female genitalia?

A

X = rectouterine

Posterior fornix

58
Q

(X) is a key landmark in female genital system since it’s the where somatic and visceral NS meet.

A

X = vagina

59
Q

Inferior (X) portion of vagina innervated by: (be general)

A

X = 1/4

Somatic innervation by deep perineal nerve (br of pudendal)

60
Q

Superior (X) portion of vagina innervated by: (be general)

A

X = 3/4

Uterovaginal nerve plexus (autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation)

61
Q

Sympathetic innervation to vagina originates from:

A

Sacral splanchnic nerves (from thoracolumbar region of SC)

62
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to vagina originates from:

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

63
Q

Sensation from lower vagina travels via (X).

A

X = pudendal nerve

64
Q

Sensation from upper vagina travels via (X).

A

X = pelvic splanchnic PARASYMPATHETIC nerves

65
Q

List key arteries of female pelvic organs and their origin.

A
  1. Ovarian (aorta)

2. Uterine and vaginal (internal iliac)

66
Q

Cardinal ligament is crucial area in (male/female) anatomy. It functions to (X) and is the location at which the ureter:

A

Female;
X = maintains position of uterus

Ureter travels under uterine vessels

67
Q

Folds created by (X) form ligaments in female pelvis.

A

X = peritoneum

68
Q

List parts of broad ligament.

A
  1. Mesosalpinx
  2. Mesovarium
  3. Mesometrium
69
Q

Female pelvic ligaments: Which ligament drapes over (X) vessels as they pass from pelvic wall to ovary?

A

X = ovarian

Suspensory ligament of ovary

70
Q

(Round/broad) ligament is more anterior.

A

Round

71
Q

List key peritoneal reflections in female pelvis, from posterior to anterior. What is each space between?

A
  1. Rectouterine pouch (rectum and uterus)
  2. Vesicouterine pouch (uterus and bladder)
  3. Retropubic space (bladder and pubic bone)
72
Q

The direct effect of testosterone causes (X) to develop into system of (Y), that drain into (Z).

A 
X = sex cord cells
Y = tubules
Z = mesonephric duct
73
Q

Development of male genitalia: The (X) surrounds system of tubules and protects (Y) from early feminizing influence of (Z).

A 
X = tunica albuginea
Y = gametes
Z = mesonephric ducts
74
Q

T/F: The mesonephros induces early stages of female gamete maturation.

A

True

75
Q

Presence of (X), secreted by (Y), causes paramesonephric ducts to regress.

A 
X = anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
Y = testes
76
Q

Remnants of paramesonephric duct in (females/males).

A

Males;

  1. Appendix testis (on testis)
  2. Prostatic uricle (on prostatic urethra)
77
Q

Original positions of male and female gonads is at (X) SC segment. Female gonads (ascend/descend) and male gonads (ascend/descend), each guided by (Y).

A

X = T10
Both descend;
Both by Gubernaculum

78
Q

Remnant of gubernaculum in males.

A

Gubernaculum testis

79
Q

Gubernaculum shortens to greater extent in (males/females).

A

Males

80
Q

Ductus deferens takes similar path as (X), which ends on (Y), the female equivalent to the scrotum.

A 
X = round ligament
Y = labia majora
81
Q

Each testes is suspended by (X), which contains:

A

X = spermatic cord

  1. Vessels and nerves
  2. Vas deferens
  3. Cremasteric muscle
82
Q

What’s the function of the vas deferens?

A

Conveys sperm from testes to urethra

83
Q

The testes produce (sperm/hormones).

A

Both

84
Q

Path of sperm.

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules (production)
  2. Rete testes
  3. Efferent ductules
  4. Epididymus (storage/maturation)
  5. Ductus deferens
  6. Ejaculatory duct (joins urethra)
85
Q

T/F: Ductus deferns passes between ureter and posterior bladder.

A

True

86
Q

Located (anterior/posterior) to bladder is a pair of obliquely placed glands called (X). They provide E source for sperm by secreting (Y). They also secrete (Z).

A

Posterior;
X = seminal vesicles
Y = seminal fluid
Z = coagulating agent (that mixes with sperm)

87
Q

(X) arise by the union of (Y) and (Z) at neck of bladder.

A 
X = ejaculatory duct
Y = duct of seminal gland
Z = ductus deferns
88
Q

Ejaculatory ducts pass inferiorly through (anterior/posterior/middle) part of:

A

Posterior part of prostate gland

89
Q

Largest accessory gland of male reproductive system.

A

Prostate

90
Q

Most, (X) portion, of prostate is glandular. The other (Y) portion is:

A 
X = 2/3
Y = 1/3

Fibromuscular

91
Q

Capsule of prostate is dense and incorporates:

A

Prostatic plexuses of veins and nerves

92
Q

Bulbourethral glands are located immediately inferior to (X) and secrete (Y).

A 
X = prostates
Y = clear, thick mucus (lubricant)
93
Q

(X) contribute to most, (Y)%, of semen volume. What contributes to the rest?

A 
X = seminal glands
Y = 70

Prostate (30%)

94
Q

List the three parts of urethra, from proximal to distal.

A
  1. Prostatic
  2. Membranous
  3. Spongy
95
Q

(Sympathetic/parasympathetic) innervation via (X) causes penile erection by which mechanism?

A

Parasympathetic;
X = Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Relaxation of blood vessels

96
Q

Male pelvic viscera have mixed (somatic/autonomic) innervation via (X) plexuses.

A

Autonomic;

X = inferior hypogastric

97
Q

The (X) parts of penis are rich in sympathetic nerve fibers, which are responsible for (Y).

A 
X = ductus deferens, seminal/prostate glands, and ejaculatory ducts
Y = ejaculation
98
Q

External genitalia drain to (X) nodes, then to (Y) nodes. Gonads drain to (Z).

A 
X = inguinal
Y = external iliac
Z = aortic
99
Q

Lymph from testes will drain to (X). Lymph from scrotum will drain to (Y).

A 
X = aortic nodes
Y = inguinal nodes
100
Q

Testicular artery arrives at its destination from (X) via traveling in/through (Y).

A 
X = aorta
Y = spermatic cord (to testes)
101
Q

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve supplies:

A

Males: cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin

Females: Labia majora and mons pubis skin

102
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy involves (X)-induced hypertrophy of the prostate. Which lobe is typically enlarged?

A

X = hormonally

Middle/medial

103
Q

Abnormal openings on the ventral glans and body of the penis due to improper fusing of:

A

Urethral/urogenital folds

Body Structures TAP (12 decks)

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