06 APR 2017 1948 MIX Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 06 APR 2017 1948 MIX Deck (14)
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1
Q

how can primary hyperparathyroidism be differentiated from familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia?

A

in primary hyperPTH there is increased urinary calcium excretion (due to bone resorption)

2
Q

what is the treatment for major depressive disorder with psychotic features?

A
  • antidepressant and antipsychotic OR

- antidepressant and ECT

3
Q

how does the levonorgestrel IUD prevent pregnancy?

A

releases levonorgestrel (a progestin) which creates a physical barrier by thickening cervical mucus and impairing implantation through decidualization of the endometrium

4
Q

why is the levonorgestrel IUD a good choice for women with heavy periods and / or are anemic?

A

side effect is amenorrhea

5
Q

in addition to colon cancer, patients with lynch syndrome are at extremely high risk for what other cancer?

A

endometrial (also ovarian)

6
Q

the development of a new conduction abnormality in patients with infective endocarditis should raise suspicion for:

A

perivalvular abscess (extending into adjacent cardiac conduction pathways)

7
Q

what enzymes are elevated even before manifestation of weakness in duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A
  • serum CPK

- serum aldolase

8
Q

acute kidney rejection is best treated by:

A

IV steroids

9
Q

what is the use for chlordiazepoxide?

A

long acting benzo for alcohol withdrawal

10
Q

what are the baseline tests before starting lithium therapy?

A
  • UA
  • BUN
  • creatinine
  • thyroid function tests
  • ECG in patients with coronary risk
11
Q

what is the treatment for warm agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

high dose glucocorticoids

12
Q

how do TCAs cause cardiac toxicity?

A
  • inhibit fast sodium channels in the His Purkinje system and myocardium
  • decreases conduction velocity, increases duration of repolarization, and prolongs absolute refractory periods
  • result: hypotension, prolonged QRS, ventricular arrhythmias
13
Q

how does sodium bicarbonate reverese TCA toxicity?

A
  • NaHCO3 increases serum pH and extracellular sodium
  • increased pH (7.5-7.55) decreases avidity for sodium channels
  • elevated extracellular sodium concentration increases the electrochemical gradient across cardiac cells and affects the ability of TCAs to bind to fast sodium channels
14
Q

how does sodium bicarbonate reverse salicylate toxicity?

A

urine alkalinization