09 Endocrine Pathology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 09 Endocrine Pathology Deck (19)
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1
Q

Produced by recurrent episodes of hyperplasia and involution

Produce extreme thyroid enlargements

A

Multinodular colloid goiter

2
Q

In multinodular colloid goiter, the colloids can be likened to ______

A

Venetian blinds

3
Q

Briefly state the pathogenesis of thyroid enlargement in nodular goiter

A

Diffuse follicular hyperplasia

TSH&raquo_space; stimulatory effect on trophic and iodine metabolism

4
Q

Laboratory tests to confirm multinodular colloid goiter

A
Hormone test (TSH, fT3, fT4)
Antibody test (to distinguish form AI thyroiditis)
Ultrasonography (nodules)
MRI or CT (tracheal narrowing)
Thyroid scan (thyroid size)
Biopsy (malignancy)
5
Q

Autoimmune disease that results in destruction of thyroid gland and gradual and progressive thyroid failure
Symmetric and diffuse enlargement of gland

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

6
Q

Histopathology associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Epithelial cells that contain abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm
Metaplastic response of normally low cuboidal thyroid epithelium

A

Hurthle’s cells

7
Q

Extensive infiltration of the parenchyma by lymphocytes, plasma cells
Densely granular cytoplasm lining the atrophied follicle

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

8
Q

Explain the etiopathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Are patients hypo- or hyper- or euthyroid

A

Caused by a breakdown ins elf-tolerance to thyroid autoAgs

Hypothoid

9
Q

Describe the gross findings of Hashimotos’ findings

A

Painless, symmetrical and diffuse enlargement of the thyroid

Cut surface is firm, yellow-tan, firm and somewhat nodular

10
Q

Discrete, solitary masses of the thyroid derived from follicular epithelium
Well-defined capsule

A

Follicular adenoma

11
Q

Adenomas often contain ____, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and small regular nuclei

A

Hurthle cells

12
Q

Hallmark of follicular adenoma

A

Well-formed capsule

13
Q

Most common malignant thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

14
Q

Papillary Ca is associated with

A

Previous exposure to ionizing radiation

15
Q

Contain branching papillae having a fibrovascular stalk covered by a single to multiple layers of cuboidal epithelial cells

A

Papillary Ca

16
Q

Ground-glass nuclei

Lined by cells with nuclei that appear optically clear on H & E staining after formalin fixation

A

Orphan Anni Eye nuclei

17
Q

Concentrically calcified structures found within the cores of papillae
Never found in follicular and medullary Ca

A

Psammoma body

18
Q

Cells that contain a nuclear groove found in papillary Ca

A

Coffe-bean sign

19
Q

Differentiate papillary from follicular carcinoma on the basis of incidence rates, metaplastic potential and genetic alteration

A

Incidence rate: P > F
Metaplastic potential: P-hematogenous metastasis to lungs and isolated cervical nodal metastasis; F - rare, regional and hematogenous spread to bones, lungs, liver
Genetic alteration: P: Follicular variant (RAS, BRAF, RET/PTC), Tall cell variant (BRAF with RET/PTC), diffuse sclerosing variant (lacks BRAF and RET/PTC); F: RAS, PAX8/PPARy rearrangement