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Flashcards in 1 - Basics of Sound Processing Deck (32)
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0
Q

What happens to an auditory nerve if it continues to be stimulated?

A

The firing rate drops until the energy output is balanced by the energy input

1
Q

What happens when an auditory nerve is first stimulated?

A

It responds vigorously

2
Q

What do we call it when a drop in sensitivity causes a drop in threshold?

A

Temporary Threshold Shift

TTS

3
Q

Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) is an example of _______.

A

Neural Adaption

4
Q

When does fatigue occur?

A

When sensitivity is reduced and absolute threshold increases

5
Q

How does fatigue differ in low exposure and high exposure situations?

A

Low Exposure - Transient

High Exposure - Can be permanent and/or pathological

6
Q

What is the abnormal growth of perceived loudness that occurs in response to sensation levels?

A

Loudness Recruitment

7
Q

When does loudness recruitment usually occur?

A

In impaired ears but it can occur with normal hearing

8
Q

What is loudness recruitment associated with?

A

It is connected to Outer Hair Cell damage

9
Q

In what conditions is loudness recruitment absent?

A

Conductive or retroconductive deafness

10
Q

What happens when there are increases in sound intensity?

A

Larger areas of the basilar membrane are stimulated

11
Q

Neurons with high threshold have _____ & _____.

A

Low spontaneous firing rates

Less sensitive synapses

12
Q

Neuron saturation = ____________

A

Fatigue

13
Q

The dynamic range for neurons with high spontaneous firing rates is __________.

A

Small

15-30 dB

14
Q

What is the firing frequency usually?

A

A logarithmic function of stimulus intensity

15
Q

Where does loudness grow more rapidly?

A

At low frequencies rather than in middle frequencies

16
Q

What do equal loudness contours show?

A

How loud a 1,000 Hz tone must be to sound equally loud to another tone

17
Q

What is a phon used to measure?

A

Equal loudness contours

18
Q

What is the Power Law?

A

The size of the exponent depends on the perception of a stimulus’ intensity

19
Q

Sone

A

The loudness of a 1,000 Hz tone at 40 dB

20
Q

What happens to the perceived pitch when a fundamental is greater than 50 Hz?

A

It is perceived to be the same whether or not the fundamental frequency is present

21
Q

How does the basilar membrane behave?

A

Like a narrowly tuned bank of filters or critical bands

22
Q

What happens when any given pitch stimulates the basilar membrane?

A

It stimulates the part of the basilar membrane that is tuned to that frequency

23
Q

What is the ability to detect changes over time due to auditory gaps or amplitude modulation?

A

Temporal Resolution

Temporal Acuity

24
Q

Do age related deficits in temporal resolution correspond with hearing loss?

A

No. They are probably due to central auditory disfunction

25
Q

Do older listeners need more time to process sound information?

A

Yes

26
Q

Monoaural

A

Sound in one ear

27
Q

Binaural

A

Sound in both ears

28
Q

Diotic

A

Same stimulus in both ears

29
Q

Dichotic

A

Stimulus is different in each ear

30
Q

What is the duplex theory?

A

That sound localization uses both ITD (Interaural Time Difference) and ILD (Interaural Level Difference)

31
Q

What is the smallest spatial separation between sequential sounds?

A

The minimal audible angle