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Flashcards in 1: Eukaryotic Cells Deck (11)
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1
Q

Do eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus?

A
  1. yes
2
Q

What can you observe in a eukaryotic cell using a light microscope? How about an electron microscope?

A
  1. light: cytoplasm enclosed in plasma membrane

2. electron: ultrastructure is visible

3
Q

Name all the organelles in a eukaryotic cell.

A

Organelle with single membrane:

  1. rough endoplasmic reticulum
  2. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  3. lysosome
  4. Golgi apparatus; vesicles and vacuoles

Organelle with double membrane:

  1. nucleus
  2. mitochondrion
  3. chloroplast
4
Q

What are the advantages of compartmentalisation (having membrane bound organelles?

A
  1. enzymes and substrates used in a process can be concentrated in a small area,
  2. with pH and other conditions at optimum levels
  3. and with no other enzymes that might disrupt the process
5
Q

Draw an animal cell.

A
  1. chromosomes consisting of DNA and histones
  2. nuclear membrane
  3. nuclear pore
  4. rough endoplasmic reticulum (studded with ribosomes)
  5. mitochondrion
  6. plasma membrane
  7. vesicles
  8. Golgi apparatus
  9. cytoplasm
6
Q

Draw a plant cell.

A
  1. chromosomes consisting of DNA and histones
  2. nuclear membrane
  3. nuclear pore
  4. rough endoplasmic reticulum (studded with ribosomes)
  5. mitochondrion
  6. plasma membrane
  7. vesicles
  8. Golgi apparatus
  9. cytoplasm
  10. chloroplast
  11. lysosome
7
Q

Practice identifying organelles and deducing function.

A

e.g. large amounts of RER (rough endo…) and many Golgi apparatuses shows that the main function of the cell is to synthesize and secrete proteins

8
Q

What is the role of the lysosome?

A
  1. site of hydrolysis / digestion / breakdown of macromolecules
9
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A
  1. an assembly of vesicles and folded membranes involved in the sorting, storing and modification of secretory products
10
Q

Give similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A
  1. both have a cell membrane
  2. both contain ribosomes
  3. both have DNA and cytoplasm
11
Q

Give differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A
  1. size - eukaryotic bigger
  2. ribosomes - eukaryotic bigger
  3. reproduction - eukaryotic can reproduce sexually as well as asexually
  4. membrane-bound organelles - eukaryotes have them
  5. DNA (4 things, found in first chapter of genetics)