1. Kidney and ureter anatomy Flashcards Preview

ESA 3- Urinary system > 1. Kidney and ureter anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in 1. Kidney and ureter anatomy Deck (17)
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1
Q

How are the kidneys located in relation to peritoneum?

A

retroperitoneally

2
Q

which vertebral levels are kidneys located?

A

L kidney: T12-L2 R kidney: slightly lower as displaced by liver

3
Q

which structure lies superior to kidneys?

A

adrenal (suprarenal) glands

4
Q

what are the 3 layers covering the kidney?

A
  1. renal capsule (fibrous)
  2. perirenal fat
  3. renal fascia (also encloses adrenal glands)

+ pararenal fat

5
Q

label this diagram

A
6
Q

which vessels provide arterial supply and venous drainage of the kidneys and where do these vessels arise/drain?

A
  • renal arteries - arise from abdominal aorta immediately distal to origin of SMA
  • renal veins - drain into IVC
7
Q

name the structures entering kidney at kidney hilum and their order

A

anterior to posterior:

  • renal vein
  • renal artery
  • ureter

(+ nerves and lymphatics)

8
Q

what are extrahilar renal arteries, where do they arise and why might they cause problems?

A
  • accessory terminal renal arteries present in 25% of pop, supplying small parts of kidney, esp. inferior pole
  • arise from abdominal aorta (persistence of embryonic vessels that form during ascent of kidneys)
  • narrow so are at greater risk of blockage causing avascular necrosis, and can cause hazard during surgery
9
Q

where does lymph from the kidneys drain?

A

lateral aortic nodes (at origin of renal kidneys)

10
Q

label this image

A
11
Q

what are the ureteric walls composed of?

A

smooth muscle - contract to produce peristaltic waves

12
Q

describe the course of the ureters from the kidneys to the bladder

A

i. arise from renal pelvis at ureteropelvic junction…
ii. descend down abdomen along anterior surface of psoas major (retroperitoneal) - course defined by tips of transverse processes
iii. cross pelvic brim to enter pelvic cavity (forms bend in ureter), anteriorly to bifurcation of common iliac arteries
iv. in pelvic cavity, run down lateral pelvic walls and turn anteromedially
v. enter lateral aspect of bladder in oblique manner (creating one way valve) at vesicoureteric junction

13
Q

what are the important anatomical relations of the ureters with structures of reproductive system in males and females

A

females: ureters descend posterior to ovary, into base of broad ligament and passes under uterine arteries (approx. 2cm superiorly to ischial spine)
males: ureters pass under vas deferens, superior to seminal vesicles

14
Q

name 3 common sites of relative ureter lumen constriction where renal stones can lodge

A
  1. ureteropelvic junction
  2. vesicoureteric junction
  3. bifurcation of common iliac arteries (at pelvic prim)
15
Q

describe the blood supply to the ureters

A

segmental arteries from renal, gonadal, vesicle and uterine arteries

16
Q

Explain why a renal calculus passing through the ureter may give sever pain radiating from loin to groin and onto the proximal anterior aspect of the thigh?

A

sensory fibres from the ureters enter spinal cord at T11-L2 with ureteric pain referred to those dermatomal areas

17
Q

describe the normal size of the kidney

A
  • height: 11-12cm
  • width: 5-7.5cm
  • depth: 2.5-3cm