10.1 Partuition Flashcards Preview

Semester 4- Reproduction > 10.1 Partuition > Flashcards

Flashcards in 10.1 Partuition Deck (32)
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1
Q

What is parturition?

A

Scientific term used to describe the process of going from a pregnant state to a non-pregnant state at the end of gestation

2
Q

What is a spontaneous abortion?

A

End of gestation before 24 weeks

3
Q

What is a pre-term birth?

A

Birth before 36 weeks

4
Q

What is a term birth?

A

Birth between 37 and 42 weeks

5
Q

What is a post-term birth?

A

Birth after 42 weeks

6
Q

What is the first stage of parturition?

A

Creation of the birth canal

7
Q

What is the second stage of parturition?

A

Expulsion of fetus

8
Q

What is the third stage of parturition?

A

Expulsion of placenta and contraction of uterus

9
Q

At how many weeks can the uterus be palpated at the umbilicus?

A

20 weeks

10
Q

At how many weeks can the uterus be palpated at the xiphisternum?

A

36 weeks

11
Q

What is the ‘lie’ with regard to the fetus in parturition?

A

Relationship to long-axis of fetus.

Vertebral column of fetus should be antiparallel to the mother

12
Q

What is the ‘presentation’ with regard to the fetus in parturition?

A

Which part of the fetus is adjacent to the pelvic inlet.

Should be the head

13
Q

What is the ‘vertex’ with regard to the fetus in parturition?

A

Relationship of the fetus along its axis to the pelvic inlet

Head of fetus should not be flexed

14
Q

How big is an average baby’s head at birth?

A

9.5cm

15
Q

Describe the cervix during pregancy

A

Tight
Tough
Thick
Made of collagen

16
Q

What triggers cervical ripening?

A

Prostaglandins

17
Q

What is cervical ripening?

A

Reduction of collagen via collagenases
Increase in glycosaminoglycans
Increased hyaluronic acid
Reduced aggregation of collagen via doctorin

18
Q

When does cervical ripening start?

A

Head engages with the cervix

19
Q

What is a Branson-Hicks contraction?

A

Practice contractions in middle pregnancy

20
Q

How are uterine contractions made more frequent and more forceful?

A

Prostaglandins

Oxytocin

21
Q

How are prostaglandins released?

A

Oestrogen levels rise more than progesterone levels

Oestrogen –> Oxytocin –> Prostaglandins

22
Q

What is brachystasis?

A

‘Rachet-mechanism’

Uterus contracts more than it relaxes so overtime the net movement is contraction.

23
Q

What is effacement?

A

Flattening and thinning of the cervix

24
Q

At the end of stage 1 of parturition, how much is the cervix dilated?

A

10cm

25
Q

What is it called if the head presents first?

A

Crowning

26
Q

What is it called if the buttocks/shoulder/knee presents first?

A

Breach presentation

27
Q

What is it called if the feet presents first?

A

Footling breach

28
Q

Describe the movements of the baby as it moves through the birth canal

A
Head flexes
Head rotates and stretches vagina and peritoneum 
Head delivered 
Shoulders rotate
Shoulders deliver
Rest of baby delivers
29
Q

Why are postpartum contractions important?

A

Compress blood vessels so reduce haemorrhage

30
Q

How can the effect of uterine contractions be increased?

A

Oxytocin drug

Fundal massage

31
Q

What does the neonate have to do to establish life?

A

Take its first breath

32
Q

What are the stimuli for the first breath?

A

Cold
Light
Trauma
Noise