12.9 Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma Flashcards Preview

Pathoma > 12.9 Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma > Flashcards

Flashcards in 12.9 Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma Deck (12)
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1
Q

Urothelial Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor arising from urothelial lining of the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethra

2
Q

What is the most common location of urothelial carcinoma?

A

Bladder

3
Q

What is the main risk factor for urothelial carcinoma?

A

Smoking

4
Q

Outside of smoking, what are other risk factors for urothelial carcinoma?

A
  • Azo dyes
  • Long term cyclophosphamide
  • Phenacetin
5
Q

What is the classic presentation of urothelial carcinoma?

A

Painless hematuria

6
Q

What are the 2 pathways that can lead to urothelial carcinoma?

A
  • Flat

- Papillary

7
Q

What is the progression of papillary urothelial carcinoma?

A

Low Grade to High Grade to Invasion

8
Q

What is the progression of flat urothelial carcinoma?

A

High Grade to Invasion

9
Q

What mutation is the flat pathway of urothelial carcinoma associated with?

A

Early p53 mutations

10
Q

What must occur before squamous cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract occurs?

A

Squamous Metaplasia - normally there is no squamous tissue

11
Q

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the urothelium?

A
  • Chronic cystitis
  • Schistosome heatobium
  • Longtime nephrolithiasis
12
Q

What does adenocarcinoma of the bladder generally arise from?

A

Urachal Remnant

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