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ENT > 1.3: Clinical Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

1.3: Clinical Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What does the temporal bone contain?

A

Organs for special sensory - hearing and balance

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2
Q

What nerves are contained within the temporal bone?

A

Facial (CN VII) and Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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3
Q

*Label this diagram:
A –> G
Also, which bone is this?

A 
A = Pterion
B = Squamous Part
C = Petrous Part
D = External Acoustic Meatus
E = Mastoid Process
F = Styloid Process
G = Zygomatic Process

Right Temporal Bone

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4
Q

*Label this diagram

A – F

A 
A = Zygomatic Process of temporal bone
B = Mandibular Fossa
C = Styloid Process
D = Stylomastoid Foramen
E = Mastoid Process
F = Extracranial Opening into the carotid canal
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5
Q

**Label this Diagram

G - M

A 
G = Occipital
H = Foramen Magnum
I = Petrous Part
J = Petrous Part
K = Sphenoid Bone
L = Palatine Bones
L2 = Right Maxilla
M = Left Maxilla
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6
Q

Describe the base of the skull in regards to temporal?

Clinical impact?

A

The temporal bone forms part of the base of the skull

Base of the skull damage (due to injury) can lead to special sensory damage (hearing/balance)

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7
Q

What is the base of the skull divided into?

A
  • The base of the skull is divided into 3 cranial fossa
  • Anterior
  • Middle
  • Posterior
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8
Q

What makes up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

*
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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9
Q

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A

*
Sphenoid
Temporal

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10
Q

What makes up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

*
Occipital (mainly)
Temporal

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11
Q

What are foraminae?

A

Foraminae are holes in the base of the skull

These allow things to pass through them - nerves, blood vessels etc.

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12
Q

What are the foraminae of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

*

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13
Q

What nerves pass through the anterior cranial fossa?

A

CN I (Olfactory) through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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14
Q

What are the foramina of the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Optic Canal
  • Superior Orbital Fissue
  • Foramen Rotundum
  • Foramen Ovale
  • Intracranial opening of carotid canal
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15
Q

What are the foramina of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum

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16
Q

What are the cranial nerves of the middle cranial fossa?

A 
CN II (optic nerve)
CN III (Oculomotor)
CN IV (Trochlear)
CN V1, V2, V3 (Trigeminal - Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular)
CN VI (Abducens)
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17
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

CN I (Olfactory)

18
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) pass through the optic canal?

A

CN II (Optic)

19
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A 
CN III (Oculomotor)
CN IV (Trochlear)
CN Va (also called v1) (Opthalamic Division of CN V trigeminal)
CN VI (Abducens)
20
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) pass through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN Vb (also called V2) - maxillary division of the trigeminal

21
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) pass through the foramen ovale?

A

CN Vc (also called V3) - the mandibular division of the trigeminal

22
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) pass through the intracranial opening of the carotid canal?

A

None

The internal carotid artery travels through this

23
Q

List the cranial nerves involved in the middle cranial fossa

From this, list the foramen

A 
CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN V1, 2, 3
CN VI

Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale

24
Q

What are the cranial nerves in the posterior cranial fossa?

A 
CN VII
CN VIII
CN IX
CN X
CN XI
CN XII
25
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A 
CN VII (CN 7, Facial)
CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
26
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

A 
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal
CN X (Vagus)
CN XI (Accessory Nerve/Spine)
27
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

28
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the foramen magnum?

A

None

29
Q

List the cranial nerves of the posterior cranial fossa

From this, list the foramen

A 
CN VII - Facial
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus
CN XI - Accessory nerve of spine
CN XII - Hypoglossal

Internal Acoustic Meatus
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum

30
Q

Briefly, describe the parts of the ear and their function

A

*Outer Ear - Collects sound waves and conveys them to the tympanic membrane
Middle Ear - Amplifies and conveys sound to the inner ear
Inner Ear - Conveys special sensory information to brain

PHOTO

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the outer ear?

What is the main bit of this (what does sound travel along?)

A

Auricle to the tympanic membrane

Sound travels along the ear canal - external acoustic meatus

32
Q

What are the boundaries of the middle ear?

What else does this include?

A

From the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Includes ossicles and the eustachian tube

33
Q

What are the boundaries of the inner ear?

How does it convert special sensory?

A

From the oval window to the internal acoustic meatus

Convers to fluid waves then to action potentials and transmits these to the brain

34
Q

Describe the structure of the external ear?

What must you be cautious with?

A

The skeleton is composed of temporal bone
There is elastic hyaline cartilage
Don’t use adrenaline containing anaesthetic due to avascular cartilage

35
Q

Describe the structure of the ear canal?

  • name
  • components
  • produces?
A

External Acoustic Meatus/ External Auditory Canal
Composed of 1/3 cartilage, 2/3 bone
Lined with skin
Produces earwax via ceruminous glands

36
Q

**Name the parts of the auricle?

A, B, C?

A 
A = Helix
B = Lobe
C = Tragus
37
Q

What nerve supplies the ear lobe?

A

Spinal nerve - C2, C3

38
Q

What nerve supplies the superior parts of the external acoustic meatus and most of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN V3 - Mandinbular Nerve

39
Q

What nerve supplies the inferior parts of the external acoustic meatus and some of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN X Vagus

40
Q

What nerve supplies a very small part of the ear, just below the triages?

A

CN VII Facial Nerve

ENT (17 decks)

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