1.5.3 Normal Liver Biliary Tract Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 1.5.3 Normal Liver Biliary Tract Deck (16)
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1
Q

The liver takes up broken down triglycerides and packages them into what?

A

VLDL

2
Q

What side of the hepatocyte?

A

Sinusoidal surface: basal membrane (serosal)

Disse: space of Disse; basal membrane of hepatocyte with numerous microvilli extends into this space between the hepatocyte and the endothelium

En: endothelium; discontinuous and fenestrated

RBC: red blood cell

Hep: hepatocyte

3
Q

What is on the left? Right?

A

Left: Portal tract

Right: Central vein

4
Q

Which surface?

A

Left: Bile canaliculus (apical)

Right: Sinusoid (basal)

5
Q

What is the original precursor to bile acid? Where does bile acid synthesis occur?

A

Cholesterol; Liver

6
Q

What are some of the conditions in which bilirubin secretion is impaired?

A

Gilbert syndrome,

7
Q

Which side of the hepatocyte?

A

Bile Canaliculus (apical)

8
Q

Describe the concentrations of the stored bile salts in the gallbladder?

A
9
Q

What are some possible conjugations of bile acid? How does it alter the pKa?

A

Unconjugated, pKa = 5.0

Glycine conjugated, pKa = 3.9

Taurine conjugated, pKa < 1

10
Q

The hepatic vein drains to?

A

IVC

11
Q

What organ is this? What is the predominant cell type? What is the arrow on the right pointing to?

A

The Liver; Hepatocytes; Portal Tract

12
Q

Describe the process of bilirubin transport.

A

Hepatocellular bilirubin transport. Albumin-bound bilirubin in sinusoidal blood passes through endothelial cell fenestrae to reach the hepatocyte surface, entering the cell by both facilitated and simple diffusional processes. Within the cell it is bound to glutathione-S-transferases and conjugated by bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) to mono- and diglucuronides, which are actively transported across the canalicular membrane into the bile.

13
Q

What zone is most prone to ischemia?

A

Zone 3

14
Q

What % of bile acids are recirculated? Synthesized by hepatocytes?

A

Recirculated: 90%

Synthesized: 10%

15
Q

What is the difference between phase 1 and phase 2 drug metabolism in the hepatocyte?

A
16
Q

Describe the direction of flow of blood and bile b/t the portal vein and central vein.

A

Blood: PV to CV

Bile: CV to PV

Counter current flow

  • blood and bile flow in opposite directions
  • minimizes energy used to transport bile acids from portal blood into bile
  • however, because of the relative flows of portal blood (1.3 L/min) and bile (0.5 L/day), the concentration of BA in bile is always much greater than that in portal blood. Therefore, transport from the portal blood into hepatocytes and then into the bile canaliculus requires energy

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