1.8: Anatomy 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Label this diagram (A-E?)

A

A = Hard Palate

B = Nasal Cavity

C = Oral Cavity

D = Tongue

E = Soft Palate

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2
Q

Label this diagram (F–>J)?

A

F = Oropharynx

G = Epiglottis

H = Hyoid Bone

I = Muscles of the floor of the mouth

J = Mandible

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3
Q

Label this diagram?

A

A = Left Sublingual Fold

B = Sublingual Papillae (Opening for the ducts of the submandibular salivary gland)

C = Frenulum

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4
Q

Label this diagram?

A

A = Parotid Gland

B = Submandibular Gland

C = Parotid Duct

D = Submandibular Duct

E = Sublingual Duct

F = Sublingual Gland

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5
Q

Label this diagram?

A

A = Parotid Duct

B = Buccinator

C = Sublingual Ducts

D = Sublingual Gland

E = Muscles of the floor of the mouth (Mylohyoid)

F = Submandibular Gland

G = Masseter

H = Parotid Gland

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6
Q

What supplies the submandibular gland?

A

CN VII Parasympathetic Axons

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7
Q

What supplies the sublingual salivary gland?

A

CN VII`

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8
Q

What supplies the parotid gland?

A

CN IX (Hitches a ride on the branches of CN V3)

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9
Q

Describe how the tongue is divided up?

A

Anterior 2/3rds

Posterior 1/3rd

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10
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

General Sensory = CN V3 (mandibular)

Special Sensory = CN VII (facial)

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11
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the tongue?

A

General and sensory = CN IX

Glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Part of the tongue

Origin of the thyroid gland

Found at the apex of the terminal groove

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13
Q

Label this diagram?

A

A = Foramen Caecum

B = Vallate Papillae

C = Surface Texture Papillae

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14
Q

Describe what the vallate papillae do? Where are they?

What do the surface texture papillae do? Where are they?

A

Vallate papillae = contain taste buds - back of tongue

Surface texture papillae = General sensory, temperature, touch - front of tongue

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15
Q

Describe how thyroid swellings move on swallowing?

Why?

A

Thyroid swellings move SUPERIORLY then INFERIORLY due to attachment to the larynx

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16
Q

Name the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Palatoglossus

Styloglossus

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

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17
Q

Name these muscles

A

A = Genioglossus

B = Hyoglossus

C = Palatoglossus

D = Styloglossus

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18
Q

Name this muscle?

A

Genioglossus

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19
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the tongue muscles?

A

Mostly supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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20
Q

How can you clinically text CNXII?

A
  • Ask patient to stick tongue straight out
  • If tongue is straight, then both CNXIIs are normal
  • If tongue deviates away from midline, the side it deviates towards is the affected side
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21
Q

What is the blood supply to the tongue?

A

Lingual Arteries (right and left)

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22
Q

Label this diagram A–F?

A

A = Upper Lip

B = Vermillion Border

C = Palatine Tonsil

D = Posterior Wall of Oropharynx

E = Gingivae

F = Lower Dental Arch

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23
Q

Label this diagram?

  • F, G, H and I?
A

F = Lower Dental Arch

G = Uvula

H = Arches of Soft Palate

I = Upper Dental Arch

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24
Q

What is the function of the soft palate?

A

Functions like a trap door to stop food entering the nose during swallowing

Directs air into the nose or mouth during sneezing/speaking etc

Helps close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

25
Q

What nerve supplys the muscles of the soft palate?

A

CN X (Vagus) EXCEPT TENSOR VELI PALATINI WHICH IS CNV3

26
Q

How do you clinically test CNX and CN V3?

A

Ask patient to say “Ahh’

If the uvula is midline then CN V3 and CN X are normal

If there is unilateral nerve pathology, the uvular is deviated AWAY from the affected side

27
Q

Describe the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Supperior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

All overlap

All insert onto the midline raphe

They contract sequentially

All innervated by CN X (Vagus)

28
Q

Label this diagram A-F?

A

A = Occipital Bone

B = Foramen Magnus

C = Vagus Nerve CN X

D = Stylopharyngeus

E = Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

F = Upper Oesophageal Sphincter

29
Q

Label this diagram G-K?

A

G = Oesophagus

H = Thyroid

I = Midline Raphe

J = Common carotid artery + vagus nerve CN X

K = Sympathetic Trunk

30
Q

Label this diagram?

A

A = Stylopharyngeus

B = Salpingopharyngeus

C = Palatopharyngeus

D = Stylopharyngeus

E = Cut constrictor muscles

F = Superior, Middle and inferior constrictor muscles

31
Q

Name the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

What do they insert onto?

A

Stylopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

All insert onto the posterior border of thyroid cartilage

32
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the longituindal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Vagus = Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus

Glossopharyngeal = Stylopharyngeus

33
Q

Label this diagram? (A-D)

A

A = Choana

B = Soft Palate

C = Uvula

D = Epiglottis

34
Q

Label this diagram (E-H)?

A

E = Posterior 1/3rd of tongue

F = Laryngeal Inlet

G = Piriform Fossa (Recess)

H = Cut Edge of Constrictor Muscles

35
Q

Describe lymph nodes in illness?

A

Swollen, hot, painful, tender, smooth

Improves with antibiotics

36
Q

Describe lymph nodes in cancer?

A

Hard, irregular, not painful

No improvement with antibiotics

37
Q

Describe the lymphoid tissue of the ear/nose/throat (Tonsils)?

A

Pharyngeal Tonsils = Adenoids

Tubal Tonsils (mucosa of eustachian tube opening)

Palatine Tonsils

Palate associated lymphoid tissue (in mucosa of the soft palate)

Lingual Tonsil (in posterior 1/3rd of tongue)

38
Q

Label this diagram?

A

A = Retropharyngeal space

B = Pretracheal Fascia

C = Carotid Sheaths

D = Investing Fascia

E = Prevertebral Fascia

39
Q

At what vertebral level is the larynx?

A

C4-C6

40
Q
A

A = Laryngeal Prominence

B = Cricoid Cartilage

C = Isthmus (of thyroid)

D = Thyroid Cartilage

E = Trachea

F = Hyoid Bone

41
Q

Label this diagram

A

A = Hyoid Bone

B = Thyroid Cartilage

C = Cricoid Cartilage

D = Trachea

E = Manubrium of the sternum

42
Q

What is the first spinous process that is easily palpable?

A

C7

43
Q

At C6, the larynx becomes the…?

At C6, the pharynx becomes the…?

A

Larynx becomes trachea at C6

Pharynx becomes oesophagus at C6

44
Q

Label this diagram?

*D is which vertebral level?

A

A = Epiglottis

B = Larynx

C = Vocal Chords

D = C6

45
Q

What vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage at?

A

Cricoid = C6

46
Q

Label this diagram A-E?

A

A = Epiglottis

B = Hyoid

C = Thyroid Cartilage

D = Thyrohyoid Membrane

E = Arch of the cricoid cartilage

47
Q

Label this diagram F-I?

A

F = The level of the vocal cords

G = Cricothyroid Membrane

H = Trachea

I = Trachealis (smooth muscle)

48
Q

Label this diagram (A–>D)?

A

A = Epiglottis

B = Laryngeal Inlet

C = Hyoid

D = Superior Horn of Thyroid Cartilage

49
Q

Label this diagram (E–>H)?

A

E = Arytenoid Cartilages

F = Lamina of Cricoid Cartilage

G = Trachea

H = Trachealis

50
Q

Where do vocal cords attach?

A

Between thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage

51
Q

Describe the lining of the larynx?
Describe the lining of the vocal chords

A

Larynx = Respiratory Epithelium

Vocal Chords = Squamous Straified Epithelium

52
Q

What supplies the laryngeal SENSORY innervation?

  • Superior to vocal fold?
  • Vocal fold and posterior?
A

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Superior to vocal fold = Superior laryngeal branches of CN X

Vocal cord and posterior = Recurrent laryngeal branches of CN X

53
Q
A

A = Vagus

B = Superior Laryngeal Nerve

C = Vagus

D = Inferior Laryngeal Nerve (comes off recurrent)

E = Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

54
Q

Function of cricothyroid muscles?

A

Tenses vocal chords

55
Q

Function of thyro-arytenoid muscles?

A

Relaxes vocal cords

56
Q

Function of lateral crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

Adduct the vocal cords

57
Q

Function of posterior crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

Abduct vocal cords

58
Q

Mnemoic for intrinsic muscles of larynx and their function for vocal chords?

A

Crikey, you’re tense

Take A Relaxant

Are you keeping it together?

Please keep away from me

Cricothyroid - tenses

TA (Thyro-arytendoid) - relaxes

Arytenoid - Adduction (together)

PKA (Posterior Crico-arytenoid) - Abduction (away)

59
Q

How can you clinically test the vagus nerve?

A
  • Ask patient to swallow water (does the larynx move, do they splutter)
  • Listen to their voice (hoarse?)
  • Cough (normal cough?)