1a - Positioning Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic Density

A

more dense tissue will appear LIGHTER on x-ray

  • Thickness of bodypart affects density
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2
Q

Radiographic positioning

A

the placement of the bodypart between the Xray tube and the film (image receptor = IR)

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3
Q

How many views are needed when taking Xray?

A

Minimum of 2 opposing views

  • Preferable at 90 degrees
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4
Q

“Series” of xrays

A

the minimum amount of xrays needed to complete the exam

  • For insurance purposes
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5
Q

Projection

A

the path of the xray bean (CR) as it enters and exits the body

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6
Q

View

A

the beam’s perspective

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7
Q

Position

A

the placement of the body or part

  • Upright(Standing or seated)
  • Recumbent (Prone/supine)
  • AP or PA
  • Refer to bodypart against the IR
    • Oblique:RAO, RPO, LAO, LPO
    • Lateral:Left, Right
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8
Q

Lateral

A

the coronal plane that is perpendicular to IR

  • Refer to the side touching the IR
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9
Q

Oblique

A

the body (or part) is rotated from normal Anatomic Position

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10
Q

Axial view

A

There is more than 10 Degree tilt between the part and CR

  • Usually the tube is tilted
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11
Q

Tangential view

A

The CR intersects an object at only one point on the suface

  • “Skimming a body part”
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12
Q

Decubitus view

A

Pt is recumbent, CR is horizontal, IR is vertical

  • Checks for air/fluid levels
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13
Q

Air-fluid levels seen with which xray views?

A

demonstrated on upright and on decubitus views only

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14
Q

Basic rules for positioning

A
  1. CR is centered to the middle of the part (CR –> Center body part –> Center of film)
  2. The long axis of the bodypart is parallel to the long axis of IR
  3. CR is directed perpendicular to the part (and IR)
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15
Q

Controlling magnification distortion

A
  • Keep bodypart as close to IR as possible
  • Compensate by increasing the Source-to-Imagine Distance (SID) if there is notable OID that cannot be reduced
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16
Q

Shape distortion control

A
  • No rotation or tilt of bodypart
  • No tube tilt
17
Q

When can distortion be helpful?

A

When isolating a specific bodypart

18
Q

SID to minimize magnification distortion

A
  • 40”
  • Exceptions (need to use 72”)
    • Lateral Cervicals
    • Oblique Cervicals
    • Lateral Chest
    • PA Chest
    • AP full spine
19
Q

Topographic landmarks: Mastoid tip, Thyroid cartilage, Vertebral Prominens

A
  • C1 = Mastoid tip
  • C4 = Thyroid cartilage
  • C7 = VP
20
Q

Topographic landmarks: Sternal notch, Sternal Angle, Xyphoid tip

A
  • T2 = Sternal notch
  • T4 = Sternal angle
  • T10 = Xyphoid tip
21
Q

Topographic landmarks: Iliac crest, ASIS

A
  • L4/5 = Iliac crest
  • S2 = ASIS
22
Q

Topographic landmarks: Greater Trochanter, Ischial Tuberosity

A
  • Coccyx tip = Greater trochanter
  • Bottom of pelvis = Ischial tuberosity
23
Q

Collimation function

A
  • Limits radiation
  • Controls unwanted scatter
24
Q

ID blocker

A

allows no exposure to film

  • Place it AWAY from anatomy of interest
25
Q

Effects of respiration

A
  • Controls “voluntary” motion = reduce blurriness
  • Anatomy determines when to hold breath
    • Cervical = out
    • Thoracic = in
    • Lumbar = out
26
Q

What units do Calipers measure in?

A

Centimeters

27
Q

What material is in gonadal shielding?

A

Lead vinyl sheets

28
Q

Flat Aluminum filters

A
  • Evens out radiographic density
  • Placement
    • Between xray beam and Pt
    • Over thinnest portion of intended anatomy
  • Protects from exposure
29
Q

Pregnancy and xray

A
  • Delay xray if possible
  • Shield fetus if xray is necessary
  • 10 day rule = safest tiem to xray women of childbearing age is within 10 days after onset of menstruation
30
Q

Pt Prep

A
  • Remove clothing and put on gown
  • Remove all artifacts
  • Shield appropriately
  • Explain procedure
  • Measure Pt with calipers
  • Control voluntary movment
31
Q

Equipment prep

A
  • Set Source-to-Image Distance (SID)
    • 40” or 72”
  • Set tube tilt (typically perpendicular to anatomy)
  • Put cassette in bucky
  • Collimate to part size and orientation
  • Apply anatomical marker
  • Add filtration (if needed, over thinnest part)
32
Q

Summary of Set-up

A
  1. prep Pt and set exposure
  2. set SID, and tilt tube
  3. select film size and align to part
  4. positon Pt/part
  5. align CR—part—IR
  6. collimate to part
  7. apply anatomical marker
  8. apply filter (if needed)
  9. give breathing instructions
  10. make exposure and change IR
33
Q

Info needed for legal xray identifiers

A
  • Patient’s
    • Number
    • Name
    • DOB
  • Exam info
  • Facility info
  • Correct anatomical marker