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1
Q

Ketoses

A

Fructose
Ribulose

Dihydroxyacetone

2
Q

Lipid soluble vitamins

A

DEKA

Not stored

3
Q

Vit A

A
  • Spinach, carrots, dark vegetables, yellow vegetables
  • Vit A derivative retinol is found in liver, cod liver oil, dairy products, eggs

Helps w/:
Antioxidant, visiual pigment, differentiation epithelial cells, treat acne

4
Q

Vit E

A

Protects against ROS (antioxidant) & LDL’s (low density lipoproteins)

5
Q

Aldoses

A

Glucose

Galactose

6
Q

Fuel stores

A

Lipid: 1 g=9kcal energy
Protein 1g=4 kcal
Carbs 1g=4kcal

7
Q

Glut 1

A

Ubiquitous (found in RBC’s, brain, cornea, placenta)

8
Q

Glut 2

A

Main transporter in liver and pancreas

9
Q

Glut 3

A

Neurons

10
Q

Glut 4

A

Skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart. Regulated by insulin

11
Q

Vit K

A

Blood coagulation/clotting

12
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vit B, C, biotin, folate

Not stored

13
Q

Vit B2

A

(riboflavin)

FMN, FAD

14
Q

Collagen AA’s

A

Glycine is common

15
Q

Vit B3

A

(niacin)

NAD+, NADP+

16
Q

Vit B1

A

(thiamine)

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

17
Q

If pH (driving speed) is above pKa (speed to keep hat on)=

A

AA will get rid of proton

If pH (driving speed) is below pKa (speed to keep hat on)= AA will keep proton

18
Q

Vit B5

A

(pantothenic acid)

CoA

19
Q

Vit B6

A

(pyridoxine)

Pyridoxal phosphate

20
Q

Vit B7

A

(biotin)

Used in pregnancy

21
Q

Vit B9

A

(folic acid)

Helps convert carbs into glucose

22
Q

Vit B12

A

(cobalamin)

23
Q

COP1 & COP2

A

COP1: in-between stacks of golgi
COP2: ER–> golgi

24
Q

Aspirin is what kind of inhibitor?

A

Aspirin is irreversible inhibitor of COX1/COX2 preventing prostaglandin synthesis

25
Q

Concentration levels of Na, K etc

A

Everything high except K on outside of cell

26
Q

Branched chain AA’s

A

VIL

Valine, Isoleucine, leucine

27
Q

E1

A

TPP (thymine pyrophosphate–> Vit B1, thiamine)

28
Q

E2

A

Lipoic acid

29
Q

E3

A

NADH & FADH

Needs Niacin (Vit B3) & Riboflavin (Vit B2)

30
Q

Spur cells

A

RBC’s breaking b/c too much cholesterol on membrane

31
Q

Phosphotidyl serine

A

When on outside of membrane, it will kill cell

32
Q

Problems with breaking down branched chain AA’s

A

Need to be broken down by BCKD
Needs: CoA, FAD, Lipoic Acid, NAD, TPP

If no BCKD enzyme= Maple Syrup Urine disease

33
Q

Wernicke/Beriberi

A

Deal with Vit B1

34
Q

Aldoses

A

Ribose
Glucose
Mannose
Galactose

Erythrose
Glyceraldehyde

35
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Under fasting conditions, stores of liver glycogen are sufficient to supply the brain w/ glucose for only 12 hours. Gluconeogenesis, the process by which glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors such as pyruvate or lactate, amino acids, propionate, and glycerol, must take over

36
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile which breaks apart lipids, pumped from gallbladder into intestines to aid in digestion of lipids. The cholesterol in bile needs the bile salts to stay in solution and when it has to much cholesterol and too little bile salts, the cholesterol hardens into pebble-like solids called gallstones

37
Q

Steroid hormones

A
  1. Progesterone: gestation-supportive hormone
  2. Aldosterone: increases Na+ and water retention and raises blood pressure
  3. Cortisol: stress hormone. Increases gluconeogenesis and blood pressure, has anti-inflammatory effects
  4. Testosterone: androgen, male sex hormone
  5. Estradiol: estrogen, female sex hormone
38
Q

Major role of kidneys

A

Regulate blood pH