2 DD Host-Microbe Interactions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 2 DD Host-Microbe Interactions Deck (23)
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1
Q

Definition: Infection

A

Process of establishing a relationship between microbe and host

  • may/may not cause disease
2
Q

Definition: Infectious disease

types?

A

Disease caused by an infection with a microbe

Communicable - transmitted patient to patient
Non-communicable - not transmitted

3
Q

Definition: Pathogenicity

Frank vs opportunistic

A

Capacity to cause disease

Frank: microbes cause disease with normal hosts
Opportunistic: can’t usually do in healthy people, need immunocompromised

4
Q

Definition:Virulence

low vs high

A

Relative capacity to damage a host; measure of pathogenicity (ability to cause disease)

Few microbes needed for disease = high virulence
Many microbes needed for disease = low virulence

5
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. Specific microbes are present regularly in characteristic lesions of the disease
  2. The specific microbes can be isolated and grown in vitro.
  3. Injection of the cultured microbes into animals reproduces the disease that you see in humans
  4. The specific microbes can be re-isolated from lesions of the disease in animals.
  • this shows that a microbe can be the cause of a specific disease
6
Q

Stages of pathogenesis of ID

A
  1. Encounter
  2. Entry
  3. Spread
  4. Multiplication
  5. Damage
  6. Outcome
7
Q

Typical stage in pathogenesis:

Encounter

A

1st stage

How the agent meets the host.

8
Q

Give an example of microbial ‘spreading factors’ through tissues

A

during 3rd stage

Hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase

9
Q

how can coagulase inhibit spread of microbes.

A

coagulase: inhibits spread of microbes because it lays down fibrin to “wall off” and localize infection

10
Q

Typical stage in pathogenesis:

damage

A

5th stage

how tissue damage is cause by the agent and/or the host response

are virulence factors present?

11
Q

Typical stage in pathogenesis:

outcome

A

6th stage

does the microbial agent or the host win the battle, or do they learn to coexist?

12
Q

Innate vs. Adaptive defense against infections

A

Innate: Immediate response
Adaptive: Defends against future recurrences

13
Q

Things that affect composition of microbiome

A
  1. Diet
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Anatomy
  4. Genetics
14
Q

Importance of microbiome

A
  1. Effects on tissue/organ differentiation
  2. Production of vitamins by flora
  3. Biochemical conversions
  4. Competition with pathogens for colonization of surfaces
15
Q

If growth rate in vivo is slower than in vitro, what does that mean?

A

host defense is aiding to prevent infection

16
Q

Skin normal flora

A

Staphylococci
Enteric bacilli
Corynebacteria
Propionobacterium acnes

17
Q

Large intestine normal flora

A
Micrococcus streptococci (enterococcus)
Lactobacilli
Enteric bacilli
Clostridia
Pseudomonas
18
Q

Vaginal normal flora

A

Streptococci
Lactobacilli
Bacteroides
Mycoplasma

19
Q

What does the disease paradigm of pathogenesis mean?

A

Certain types of bacteria will result in very specific diseases

20
Q

Using disease paradigm of pathogenesis, what causes Cholera?

A

A toxin-mediated disease

21
Q

Using disease paradigm of pathogenesis, what causes Pneumococcal pneumonia

A

acute inflammation caused by invasive, extracellular bacteria

22
Q

Using disease paradigm of pathogenesis, what causes Tuberculosis

A

infection by a facultative intracellular bacterium

23
Q

What causes Rheumatic fever

A

pathology mediated by an immune response