2.1 The Infection Model Flashcards Preview

Semester 3- Infection > 2.1 The Infection Model > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2.1 The Infection Model Deck (17)
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1
Q

Give an example of a virus

A

HIV

2
Q

Give an example of a bacterium

A

S. aureus

C. diff

3
Q

What are the two subtypes of parasites?

A

Protozoa and Helminth (worms)

4
Q

What are the two subtypes of fungi?

A

Moulds and Yeast

5
Q

List the 5 personal areas that need to be considered about a patient in the infection model

A
Age
Gender
Physiological state
Pathological state
Social factors
6
Q

With regard to a patient in the infection model, what factors regarding time need to be taken into account?

A

Relative time- how long exposed

Calendar time- time of year eg. Winter

7
Q

Explain what is meant by contiguous spread of infection and give an example

A

Harmless bacteria in one commensal get transferred to another area where the bacteria become harmful.
Eg. S. aureus on the skin enter the body via a surgical wound

8
Q

Explain what is meant by the spread of infection by inoculation and give an example

A

The protective barrier eg. skin is broken by trauma and infection enters the body
Eg. scratched by a stick can lead to tetanus

9
Q

Explain what is meant by the haematogenous spread of infection and give an example

A

Bacteria in the body spreads to another site via the blood stream
Eg. Squeeze spot on the face, S. aureus enters the blood stream and infects heart valves

10
Q

Explain what is meant by the spread of infection by ingestion and give an example

A

Ingesting food that is contaminated with faecal remains or other bacteria.
Eg. raw meat, Salmonella

11
Q

Explain what is meant by the spread of infection by inhalation and give an example

A

Infections particles of a disease are breathed in

Eg. chickenpox bacteria

12
Q

Explain what is meant by the spread of infection by a vector and give an example

A

The human is infected via another organism

Eg. mosquitos transmit malaria

13
Q

Explain what is meant by vertical transmission of infections and give an example

A

Infections can be spread from mother to child eg. from breast milk
Eg. HIV

14
Q

How do pathogens cause a response in humans?

A

Produce toxins

Initiate an immune response

15
Q

List the 3 stages of management that will lead to a diagnosis

A

History
Examination
Investigation

16
Q

What are the two outcomes of an infection?

A

Cure -> Death

17
Q

Name the 4 types of pathogens

A

Bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi