25: Benign Neoplasms - Abbott Flashcards

1
Q

review normal skin structure

A
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2
Q
  • round, flat, coin like, waxy plaques that vary in diameter from mm to several cm
  • with OR without pigment
A

seborrheic keratoses

tx: not unless bothersome

rare before 30

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3
Q

Leser-Trelat Sign ***

A

sudden onset of numerous SKs may indicate an nderlying visceral malignancy

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4
Q

morphology of fibroepitheliail polyp-acrochordron

A

fibrovascular core covered by benign squamous epithelium

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5
Q

most common epithelial cysts

A

epidermal inclusion cyst (epidermoid cyst)

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6
Q

single subcutaneosu nodule at birth on lateral aspect of upper eyelid

A

dermoid cyst

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7
Q

caused by mutation in keratin 17

A

steatocystoma

  • commonly in sternal, axillae, groin
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8
Q

multiple trichilemmoma is associated with …

A

cowden’s disease

  • AD mution of PTEN
  • high risk breast and thyroid carcinomas
  • oral lesions, acral keratoses, macrocephaly
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9
Q

solitary firm nodule on head > upper limbs > neck > trunk

A

pilomatrixoma

  • most commonly cheek
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10
Q

Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome is associated with…

A

internal disease

  • benign and malignant renal tumors; spontaneous pneumothorax
  • due to mutation to gene encoding prtn folliculin
  • observe multiple fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and acrochordons
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11
Q

describe nevus sebaceous

A
  • Also called organoid nevus
  • Not a melanocytic proliferation
  • Often presents at birth, M=F
  • Presents on head/neck, particularly scalp
  • Benign, but secondary tumors can arise within [ BCC, benign syringocystadenoma papilliferum and trichoblastoma }
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12
Q

yellowish dome shaped papules misdiagnosed as BCC

A

sebaceous hyperplasia

  • found on face of older adults
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13
Q

can be seen in Muit-Torre Syndrome

  • AD inherited defect in DNA mismatch repair gene
A

sebaceous adenoma and sebaceoma

  • face and scalp of older people
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14
Q

cutaneous and visceral findings for MTS

A
  • sebaceous tumors
  • colon CA
  • can do immunostaining for mismatch repair enzymes (look for MSH2 gone)
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15
Q

cylindroma is associated with ….

(head an neck, pink/red nodule)

A

brooke-spiegler syndrome

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16
Q

“turban tumor”

A

cylindroma

  • see ‘jigsaw puzzle’ on pathology
17
Q

benign aggregate of histiocytes with cytoplasmic lipid

A

xanthoma

  • 5 types

*** disseminated is the only one with normal serum lipid levels

18
Q

xanthogranuloma are associated with …

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia CML and neurofibromatosis

19
Q

touton giant cells

A

JXG

juvenile xanthogranuloma

  • ground glass histiocytes might indicate a reticulohistiocytoma
20
Q

most aggressive langerhan cell histiocytosis

A

Acute generalized LCH/ Letterer-Siwe Disease

  • has skin and internal organ involvement
  • tx with chemotherapy
21
Q

triad for multifocal chronic LCH/ Hand-schuller-Christian Disease

A

lytic skull lesions

diabetes insipidus

proptosis

22
Q

birbeck granules

A

LCH pathology (langerhan cell)

23
Q

most common connective tissue tumor

A

lipoma

24
Q

traumatic neuroma

A
  • arise where a peripheral n is severed adn adoes not heal
  • painful nodule
  • disorderly proliferationof bundles of peripheral nn
25
Q

severe pain in sole of foot near the region of metatarsal heads that is exacerbated by walking

A

morton’s neuroma

  • lesion is usually not palpable
26
Q

mucosal neuromas ( multiple and clustered around the mouth) on a pt indicate need for …

A
  • genetic testing and thyroid imaging
  • part of MEN IIb multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
27
Q

describe the pathology of schwannoma ***

A
  • Encapsulated
  • Two components
    • Antoni A: cellular with nuclear palisading (Verocay bodies)
    • Antoni B: also Schwann cells but hypocellular, myxoid matrix
  • Prominent blood vessels
    • Thick hyaline walls
28
Q

neurofibromas are associated with …

A

NF-1

  • unencapsulated
29
Q

pathognomonic of NF-1

A

plexiform neurofibroma

  • thick convoluted cords of expanded n fibers
  • can be large and disfiguring
30
Q

leiomyoma are benign tumors of …

A

smooth muscle cells

31
Q

Myxoid degeneration of joint capsule or tendon sheath

A

ganglion cyst

32
Q

superficial fibromatosis on plantar foot

A

ledderhose disease

  • NOT assoc with beta-catenin mutations
  • on hand = dupuuytren contract, on penis = peyronie disease