3: Physiology and pharmacology of the large intestine Flashcards Preview

Gastrointestinal Week 4 2016/17 > 3: Physiology and pharmacology of the large intestine > Flashcards

Flashcards in 3: Physiology and pharmacology of the large intestine Deck (20)
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1
Q

Which reflex involves the opening of the ileocaecal valve to allow digested contents to pass through it?

A

Gastroileal reflex

2
Q

What triggers the gastroileal reflex?

A

Gastric distension

3
Q

Which valve is opened by the gastroileal reflex?

A

Ileocaecal valve

4
Q

What is the function of the ascending and transverse colon?

A

Fluid reabsorption

Bacterial fermentation

5
Q

What is the function of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A

Dessication and storage of faeces

6
Q

What triggers the gastrocolic reflex - strong peristalsis of muscles in the colon?

A

Meals

7
Q

What are haustra?

A

Pouches formed in the colon, increasing the surface area for fluid and electrolyte reabsorption

8
Q

What triggers the defecation reflex?

A

Rectal distension

9
Q

Which arm of the autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary relaxation of the internal anal sphincter?

A

Parasympathetic

10
Q

What triggers the parasympathetic relaxation of the internal anal sphincter?

A

Rectal distension by faecal matter

11
Q

While the initial relaxation of the internal anal sphincter is involuntary, what type of muscle controls the external anal sphincter?

A

Skeletal muscle

12
Q

What diseases are included under IBD?

A

Ulcerative colitis

Crohn’s disease

13
Q

Which class of drugs are used to maintain remission of UC?

A

Aminosalicylates

-alazines

14
Q

Name two aminosalicylates which are used to treat UC.

A

Sulfalazine

Mesalazine

15
Q

What drugs act as anti-inflammatories in both UC and Crohn’s?

A

Corticosteroids

16
Q

Name some corticosteroids used as an anti-inflammatory in Crohn’s and UC?

A

Prednisolone

Hydrocortisone

Beclometasone

Budesonide

17
Q

Corticosteroids have many side effects - what is the most important in terms of infection?

A

Immunodeficiency

18
Q

Name two“steroid-sparing” immunosuppressants used to treat Crohn’s and UC.

A

Azathioprine (Crohn’s/UC)

Methotrexate (Crohn’s)

19
Q

Which expensive drugs are sometimes used to inhibit TNFalpha activity in severe IBD?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

20
Q

Which prefix tells you that a drug is a monoclonal antibody?

A

-umab