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AQA - A Level - Organic Chemistry > 3.12 - Polymers > Flashcards

3.12 - Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

____ Polymers are generally Stronger & More Rigid than ____ Polymers?

A

Condensation

Addition

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2
Q

Advantages of Burying Polymers?

A

Cheap & Easy

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3
Q

When forming Polyamides, the OH group is ____ from the COOH group

A

Removed

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4
Q

Addition Polymers are ____ (non-polar) because ____ ?

A

Chemically Inert

Carbon Skeleton consists of C-C single bonds

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5
Q

Uses of Kevlar?

A

Bulletproof Vests, Fire Retardant Clothing,

Crash Helmets, Tennis Rackets

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6
Q

Disadvantages of Combusting Chlorinated Polymers?

A

Acidic HCl Gas

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7
Q

Why are Addition Polymers Non-Biodegradable?

A 
Chemically Inert (Non-Polar)
Not Susceptible to attack by Nucleophiles
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8
Q

Strongest IMF present in Kevlar is ____ which forms between ____ ?

A

Hydrogen Bonding

Lone Pair on N of one Amide Link & a H of another

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9
Q

Catalysts: Hydrolysis of Polyamides

A

Aqueous Strong Acid (HCl)
or
Aqueous Strong Base (NaOH)

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10
Q

When forming Polyamides, a H atom is ____ from the ____ of the amine

A

Removed

NH₂

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11
Q

Three Reasons Kevlar is Strong due to its Structure

A

|> Chains are Planar - can pack closely together

|> IMFs between neighbouring chains are stronger than in other polymers

|> Strongest IMF is hydrogen bonding between Lone pair on N of amide link & a H on another

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12
Q

Define: Hydrolysis

A

Breaking of a Bond using Water

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13
Q

Advantages of Combusting Polyalkenes?

A

Produces Heat Energy

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14
Q

Kevlar chains are ____, they can pack ____ ?

A

Planar

Close together

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15
Q

Advantages of Recycling Polyesters?

A

|> Saves on Expensive Crude Oil
|> Saves Energy from Refining Crude Oil
|> Reduces waste going to Landfill
|> Produces less CO₂ than Combustion

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16
Q

In Polyesters, what is the largest IMF present?

A

Permanent Dipole-Dipole

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17
Q

When forming Polyesters, OH groups are ____ from COOH group

A

Removed

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18
Q

What are Polyamide Monomers held together by?

A

Amide Links

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19
Q

Why is a catalyst added to the Hydrolysis of Polyesters/Polyamides?

A

Reaction is v. Slow

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20
Q

Why are Condensation Polymers generally Stronger than Addition Polymers?

A

Condensation Polymers contain Polar bonds

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21
Q

Disadvantages of Burying Polymers?

A

|> Takes up Land
|> Releases Methane
|> Releases toxins which could contaminate water supplies

22
Q

When forming Polyesters, a H atom from the ____ of alcohol is ____ ?

A

OH group

Removed

23
Q

Reactants to form Polyesters?

A

Dicarboxylic Acid & Diols

24
Q

Why can Polyesters & Polyamides be Hydrolysed?

A

C=O is Polar - can be attacked by Nucleophiles

25
Q

Disadvantages of Combusting Polyalkenes?

A

Increases CO₂ levels

Incomplete combustion = CO or C particles

26
Q

Disadvantages of Combusting Polystyrene?

A

Toxic Styrene Vapour

27
Q

The ____ between neighbouring Kevlar chains are Stronger than in ____ ?

A

Intermolecular Forces

Other Polymers

28
Q

Reactants to form Polyamides?

A

Dicarboxylic Acid & Diamines

29
Q

What must a Single Monomer contain for a Polyamide to form?

A

an Amine (NH₂) & a Carboxylic Acid (COOH) functional group

30
Q

What are Polyester Monomers held together by?

A

Ester Links

31
Q

In Polyamides, what is the largest IMF present?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

32
Q

Functional Group: Amide

A

R-C(=O)-NH-

33
Q

Three methods of Disposing of Polymers?

A

|> Burying
|> Combustion
|> Sorting for Re-using/Recycling

34
Q

Uses of Nylon 6,6?

A

Clothing, Ropes, Carpets, Parachutes

35
Q

Uses of Polyesters?

A

Clothing, Carpets

36
Q

Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Polyamides

A

Dicarboxylic Acid & Alkyl Ammonium Salt

37
Q

Products: Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyamides

A

Carboxylate Salt & Diamine

38
Q

Condensation Polymers are generally ____ & ____ than Addition Polymers?

A

Stronger

More Rigid

39
Q

Functional Group: Ester

A

R-C(=O)-O-R

40
Q

What do the 6s mean in Nylon 6,6?

A

|> 6 Carbons in constituent Diamine
(1,6 - diaminohexane)
|> 6 Carbons in constituent Dicarboxylic Acid
(hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid)

41
Q

Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Polyesters

A

Dicarboxylic Acid & Diol

42
Q

Catalysts: Hydrolysis of Polyesters

A

Aqueous Strong Acid (HCl)
or
Aqueoue Strong Base (NaOH)

43
Q

Disadvantages of Recycling Polyesters?

A

|> Energy & Manpower is expensive
(collection, transport, sorting)
|> Technically Difficult
|> Can’t remake initial plastic - has to be something else

44
Q

Condensation Polymers are formed by Reactions Between:

A

Dicarboxylic Acids & Diols

Dicarboxylic Acids & Diamines

Amino Acids

45
Q

Why can Addition polymers NOT be Hydrolysed?

A

Non-Polar b/c Carbon skeleton consists of C-C single bonds

46
Q

What does a Single Monomer need to Contain in order to form a Polyester?

A

Both an Alcohol & a Carboxylic Acid functional group

47
Q

Reactants to form Kevlar?

A

1,4 - Diaminobenzene
&
Benzene-1,4-Dicarboxylic Acid

48
Q

Define: Condensation Polymers

A

Polymer formed from a series of chemical reactions in which two molecules are joined together & a small molecule is eliminated

49
Q

Single Monomer constituent of Nylon 6?

A

6-aminohexanoic Acid

50
Q

Why are Condensation Polymers Biodegradable?

A

|> Contain Polar Bonds
|> Break Down naturally through Hydrolysis
|> Susceptible to attack by Nucleophiles

AQA - A Level - Organic Chemistry (18 decks)

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