3.2 The Abdominal Wall and Hernias Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 3.2 The Abdominal Wall and Hernias Deck (21)
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1
Q

Where do the abdominal muscles all aponeurose to?

A

The linea alba

2
Q

Why are the antero-lateral muscles important?

A

For twisting, flexing and lateral folding

Increase intra-abdominal pressure during activities such as lifting

3
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Formed by the aponeuroses of the flat muscles to enclose the vertical muscles.

4
Q

Name the 2 vertical muscles in the abdominal wall?

A

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

5
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

The point at which all the aponeuroses move to the anterior wall of the rectus sheath. There is no posterior wall and the rectus abdominus is in direct contact with the transverse abdominis. It is found half way between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis

6
Q

What must a surgeon consider when making an incision?

A

Direction of muscle fibres
Location of nerves
Access to the desired tissue

7
Q

Name two sites of weakness in the inferior abdominal wall

A

Internal (deep) inguinal ring

External (superficial) inguinal ring

8
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

A hollow passage between the deep and superficial inguinal rings that is about 4cm long

9
Q

Where does the inguinal canal lie?

A

Between the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall above the inguinal ligament

10
Q

What is contained within the inguinal canal?

A

The spermatic cord in men and the round ligament of the uterus in women

11
Q

What is a hernia?

A

A protrusion of part of the abdominal organ through a defect in the abdominal wall. The hernial sac will be covered in skin, subcutaneous tissue and abdominal muscles

12
Q

What is an ‘indirect inguinal hernia’?

A

A viscus enters through the deep inguinal ring and moves through the inguinal canal before appearing in the scrotum or labium majora.

13
Q

What is an ‘direct inguinal hernia’?

A

Enters the inguinal canal directly through the abdominal wall. It can be seen as a large bulge in the inguinal region.

14
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

A hernia in the upper thigh medial to the femoral vein

15
Q

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

A developmental defect allows viscus to herniate into the chest

16
Q

What is a sliding hiatus hernia?

A

The gastro-oesophageal junction moves into the chest through the diaphragm.

17
Q

What is a rolling hiatus hernia?

A

The fundus of the stomach enters the chest

18
Q

When do umbilical hernias form?

A

In children when the umbilical scar is weak

19
Q

What are paraumbilical and epigastric hernias?

A

In adults, the gut protrudes through the linea alba anywhere between the xiphisternum and the umbilicus.

20
Q

What are the borders of Hasselbach’s triangle?

A

Medially: lateral margin of the rectus sheath
Laterally: inguinal ligament
Superiolateral: inferior epigastric vessels

21
Q

Name the 3 flat muscles in the antero-lateral wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversalis abdominis