4: Arrested intellectual development: basic science Flashcards Preview

Psychiatry Week 3 2018/19 > 4: Arrested intellectual development: basic science > Flashcards

Flashcards in 4: Arrested intellectual development: basic science Deck (24)
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1
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing a learning disability?

A

IQ < 70

Developing before the age of 18

Deficits in adaptive functioning

2
Q

What is a deficit in adaptive functioning?

A

Extreme: inability to walk, talk, feed yourself

through to minor difficulties in numeracy, literacy

3
Q

What is the prevalence of learning disability in the population?

A

3%

4
Q

What is the average IQ of the population?

A

100

5
Q

What is the IQ threshold needed to diagnose a learning disability?

A

< 70

6
Q

What percentage of the population have an IQ < 70?

A

3%

remember that you need to fulfill the other criteria to diagnose as learning disability

7
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

IQ is increasing by 10 points per generation

AND

by 10 points per person per decade

8
Q

If a patient’s IQ increases over 70 post-diagnosis with a learning disability, do they still have one?

A

Probably

not quite sure what he’s talking about ngl

9
Q

Are learning difficulties the same as learning disabilities?

A

No

Learning difficulty - deficit in a specific area e.g dyslexia

Learning disability - global deficit caused by arrest of intellectual development

10
Q

Can learning disabilities start in adulthood?

A

No

Must have started before the age of 18

11
Q

Is dyslexia a learning disability?

A

No

learning difficulty

12
Q

How is severity of a learning disability determined?

A

IQ

More severe as IQ decreases

13
Q

People with an IQ hovering around 70 have a ___ learning disability.

A

borderline

14
Q

What are the IQ thresholds for each severity of learning disability?

A

Borderline - hovering around 70

Mild - 50 to 69

Moderate - 35 to 49

Severe - 20 to 34

Profound - less than 20

15
Q

The lower your IQ, the greater your likelihood of having which neurological disease?

A

Epilepsy

16
Q

In general, what tasks do people with learning disabilities struggle with?

A

Understanding new or complex information

Learning new skills

Looking after themselves

17
Q

How is IQ calculated?

A

IQ = (MA/CA) x 100

MA = mental age, CA = chronological age

18
Q

Does learning disability come under the umbrella of mental disorder?

What does this mean legally?

A

Yes

Patients can be detained under the MHA and treated under the Adults with Incapacity Act

19
Q

What are some genetic causes of learning disability?

A

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Angelman, Prader-Willi, Kilnefelter’s, Turner’s, Fragile X…

20
Q

Which neurological disease is Down syndrome associated with?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

21
Q

Which genetic syndrome, causing overeating, is also associated with learning disability?

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

22
Q

Which diseases are tested for in the newborn heel prick test?

A

Sickle cell anaemia

CF

Congenital hypothyroidism

Metabolic diseases (most notably PKU)

23
Q

What maternal problems, occuring before birth, may cause learning disability?

A

Viral infection

Drug or alcohol use

Malnutrition

Complicated birth

24
Q

What type of trauma must be ruled out in children presenting with a learning disability?

A

NAI

“Shaken baby syndrome”