4: Genetics, cells and cancer Flashcards Preview

Principles Genetics > 4: Genetics, cells and cancer > Flashcards

Flashcards in 4: Genetics, cells and cancer Deck (27)
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1
Q

Think 4 M’s

Which non-Mendelian mode of inheritance causes cancer?

A

Mosaicism

2
Q

Most cancer-causing mutations occur (pre-zygote / post-zygote).

A

post-zygote

3
Q

As they divide, cells acquire ___.

A

mutations

4
Q

Which process aims to kill faulty cells before they become cancerous?

A

Apoptosis

5
Q

DNA (damage / repair) encourages the progression of cancer.

A

damage

6
Q

Which type of substance, which stimulates growth, stimulates the progression of cancer?

A

Growth factor

7
Q

Which type of gene can, under certain circumstances, turn a normal cell into a cancer cell?

A

Oncogene

8
Q

Which type of gene can prevent a cell from becoming cancerous?

A

Tumour suppressor gene

9
Q

What name is given to the increase in number of cells which may, in the future, become cancerous?

A

Proliferation

10
Q

What are cancer cells good at avoiding?

A

The immune response

11
Q

At a certain stage of growth, cancer cells obtain their own ___ ___.

A

vascular supply

12
Q

What is metastasis?

A

The progression of cancer to new areas of the body

13
Q

print weinberg hallmarks of cancer

A
14
Q

What are driver mutations?

A

Mutations which drive cancer progression

15
Q

Why do tumours get so many mutations?

A

Cancer cells have unstable genomes

16
Q

What is the two hit hypothesis?

A

Rare inherited cancers work by:

Inheriting a mutation (first hit)

Acquiring another mutation on top of it (second hit)

17
Q

What genes are activated in cancer proliferation?

A

Oncogenes

18
Q

Cancer can occur when there are mutations in the genes responsible for DNA ___.

A

repair

19
Q

Cancer is usually (Mendelian / multifactorial).

A

multifactorial

20
Q

Which cancer does BRCA1 mutations cause?

A

Breast cancer

21
Q

The BRCA1 gene is involved in DNA ___.

A

repair

22
Q

Genetics tend to be just one ___ ___ in developing cancer.

A

risk factor

23
Q

BRCA1 mutation leading to breast cancer is a (Mendelian / multifactorial) disease.

A

Mendelian

24
Q

What aspects of a history would make you suspect someone had a Mendelian disorder?

A

Many people affected

Unusual cancers

Young age

25
Q

What should you do if you suspect someone has a Mendelian disorder?

A

Offer gene testing

26
Q

What would you do if you suspected someone had a multifactorial disease?

A

Calculate risk

27
Q

Someone with a ___ history of disease is more likely to develop that disease.

A

family