4: HIV - principles in management Flashcards Preview

Reproduction Week 2 2018/19 > 4: HIV - principles in management > Flashcards

Flashcards in 4: HIV - principles in management Deck (17)
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1
Q

Which enzyme does HIV use to convert its RNA into DNA?

A

Reverse transcriptase

2
Q

Which enzyme does HIV use to integrate its genetic material into the DNA of its host cell?

A

Integrase

3
Q

Which enzyme does HIV use to assemble its new protein coats?

A

Protease

4
Q

Which enzymes does HIV use to

a) break up proteins to form new coats
b) convert its RNA into DNA
c) insert its DNA into the DNA of the host cell?

A

a) Protease

b) Reverse transcriptase

c) Integrase

5
Q

What are the goals of anti-retroviral therapy?

A

Reduce viral load to undetectable levels

Restore the immune system to a competent level

Reduce HIV morbidity and mortality

Minimise drug toxicity

6
Q

How many anti-retrovirals are used for highly active therapy?

A

3 drugs from at least 2 different classes

7
Q

Anti-retroviral drugs have a lot of ___ ___.

A

side effects

different depending on each drug - do we need to know all these?

8
Q

Anti-retroviral drugs interact with the liver in which way?

A

INDUCE or INHIBIT liver enzymes (depends on class)

So they alter the metabolism of other drugs - must check on a case-by-case basis

9
Q

What is a voluntary process which newly-diagnosed HIV patients may choose to take part in?

A

Partner notification

They may have transmitted the virus to other people

10
Q

Which type of contraception helps to prevent transmission of HIV?

A

Barriers - condoms

11
Q

Which other STIs may patients be screened for at HIV diagnosis?

A

Hepatitis B and C

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea

Syphilis

12
Q

Can HIV be spread by casual/household contact?

A

No

You can reassure patients of this

13
Q

Which types of prophylaxis exist for HIV?

A

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

Post-exposure prophylaxis

14
Q

In which situations are pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis useful?

A

Conception when one partner is HIV positive

Prevention of mother-child transmission

15
Q

If a pregnant woman is HIV positive, alongside pre/post-exposure prophylaxis, which modes of birth are recommended if she has

a) a detectable viral load
b) an undetectable viral load?

A

a) Caesarean section

b) Vaginal delivery

16
Q

Can women who are HIV positive breastfeed?

A

No

17
Q

For anti-retroviral therapy to work, what is required?

A

Compliance from the patient