4: Immobility and rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

Every trauma, illness or long-term condition causes some decrease in a patient’s overall level of ___.

A

function

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2
Q

What is the name given to an age-related loss of muscle mass and function?

A

Sarcopenia

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3
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

Age-related loss of muscle mass and function

i.e your muscles get smaller and they’re not as strong or fast-acting

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4
Q

The criteria for sarcopenia are

  1. reduced muscle mass
  2. reduced muscle strength
  3. reduced physical performance

What is a test which can be used to measure each?

A

1. Any imaging - MRI, CT, DEXA

2. Hand grip dynamometry

3. Observe gait or sit-to-stand test

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5
Q

At what age does sarcopenia start?

A

30 years

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6
Q

At what age does sarcopenia accelerate?

A

60 years

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7
Q

At what age does sarcopenia

a) start
b) accelerate?

A

a) 30 years

b) 60 years

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8
Q

As you age, muscle mass decreases and ___ mass increases.

A

fat mass increases

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9
Q

What endocrine condition are older people more susceptible to?

Why?

A

Diabetes

Increased fat deposition causes insulin resistance (body needs to make more insulin to transport glucose into adipose tissue, sugar everywhere, beta cells, I can’t remember endocrine come back to this)

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10
Q

Why is immobility described as a vicious cycle?

A

Immobile people develop muscle atrophy

Atrophied muscles hinder physical activity

So patients exercise less

Lack of exercise causes muscle atrophy

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11
Q

People with sarcopenia have weaker muscles, making them more prone to falls.

What nutrients, when deficient, increase the likelihood of fracture following a fall?

A

Vitamin D

Calcium

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12
Q

What are

a) activity related
b) diet related
c) disease related causes of sarcopenia?

A

a) Muscle disuse

b) Starvation, malabsorption

c) Cachexia (e.g cancer cells using loads of energy, causing weight loss)

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13
Q

How is the rate of sarcopenia reduced?

A

Exercise

resistance training and aerobic training

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14
Q

What is the recommended amount of exercise for adults?

A

150 mins of moderate exercise per week

or 30 mins 5x/week

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15
Q

What nutritional supplements are proven to reduce the rate of sarcopenia?

A

Calcium

Vitamin D

Protein

Creatine

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16
Q

Which class of antihypertensive drug is thought to reduce the rate of sarcopenia?

A

ACE inhibitors