Flashcards in 4.1 Cranial Nerves Deck (52):
1
What is the name of CN I?
Olfactory nerve
2
What is the function of the Olfactory nerve?
Provide a sense of smell
3
Where does CN I originate?
Olfactory mucosa --> cribriform plate --> olfactory bulb
4
What is anosmia?
Lack of smell
5
What can cause anosmia?
Trauma, meningtitis
6
What is the name of CN II?
Optic nerve
7
Describe the pathway of CNII
Retina --> Optic tract --> Optic canal --> Primary visual cortex
8
What is the name of CN III?
Occulomotor
9
Where does CN III originate?
Oculomotor nucleus
10
Describe the pathway of CN III?
Superior orbital fissure and splits into superior and inferior oculomotor nerve.
11
What is the function of the optic nerve?
Sight
12
What is the function of CN III?
Movement of 4/6 of the extraocular eye muscles and levator palpebrae superioris
13
How will a CN III nerve palsy present?
Down and out pupil
Enlarged pupil (mydriasis)
14
What is the name of CN IV?
Trochlear
15
What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
Moves eye down and in
16
Describe the pathway of CN IV
Trochlear nucleus --> cavernous sinus --> eye muscles
17
How may an infection on CN IV present?
Difficulty walking down the stairs
18
Why is CN IV susceptible to infections?
Longest and runs through cavernous sinus
19
What is the name of CN V?
Trigeminal
20
Where does the Trigeminal nerve originate?
Trigeminal sensory nucleus complex in the Pons
21
Name the 3 branches of CN V
Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)
22
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
General sensation to the face and innervation of the muscles of mastication
23
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Overactive sensory portion of CN V causes burning pain
24
What is the name of CN VI?
Abducens Nerve
25
Where does the abducens nerve originate?
Abducens nuclei in the pons
26
What is the function of the abducens nerve?
Lateral eye movements
27
What is the name of CN VII?
Facial nerve
28
Name the motor branches of the facial nerve
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
29
What do the sensory fibres of the facial nerve innervate?
Taste receptors of anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
30
What do the parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve innervate?
Salivary and lacrimal glands
31
Which foramina do all branches of the facial nerve pass through?
Internal acoustic meatus
32
What is Bell's Palsy?
Idiopathic unilateral facial paralysis due to inflammation at the stylomastoid foramen
33
What is the name of CN VIII?
Vestibulocochlear
34
Describe the pathway of CN VIII
Cerebellopontine angle in the Pons, then splits into vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve.
35
What is the function of the vestibular nerve?
Control of balance
36
What is the function of the cochlear nerve?
Hearing
37
What test is done to check for sensory and conductive hearing loss?
Rinne and Webbers test
38
What is the name of CN IX?
Glossopharyngeal
39
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve give motor innervation to?
Stylopharyngeus
40
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve give sensory innervation to?
Oropharynx
Posterior 1/3rd tongue
Carotid sinus
41
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve give parasympathetic innervation to?
Parotid gland
42
Which pathway is CN IX in the gag reflex?
Afferent pathway
43
What is the name of CN X?
Vagus nerve
44
What does the vagus nerve give motor innervation to?
Muscles of the pharynx and larynx
45
What does the vagus nerve give sensory innervation to?
Laryngopharynx, ear
46
What does the vagus nerve give parasympathetic innervation to?
Heart, lungs, GI tract
47
Which pathway is CN X in the gag reflex?
Efferent pathway
48
What is the name of CN XI?
Accessory nerve
49
Which artery does CN XI follow?
Internal carotid artery
50
What does the Accessory nerve innervate?
SCM and trapezius
51
What is the name of CN XII?
Hypoglossal
52