4th Edition Spanish Ch. 8 Flashcards
Preterite of stem-changing verbs
Preterite of stem-changing verbs
As you know, -ar and -er stem-changing verbs have no stem change in the preterite. -ir stem changing verbs, however, do have a stem change.
True
Servir- to serve
Serví, serviste, sirvió, servimos, servisteis, sirvieron
Morir- to die
Morí, moriste, murió, morimos, moristeis, murieron
In the preterite, stem-changing -ir verbs have an e to I or o to u stem change in the Ud./él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas forms.
True
Pedir- to ask
Pedí, pediste, pidió, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron
Dormir- to sleep
Dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormiréis, dormirán
Double object pronouns
Double object pronouns
Me, te, le (se), nos, os, les (se),
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Le and les
Lo, la, los, las
When object pronouns are used together, the indirect object is pronoun precedes the direct object pronoun.
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El camarero me muestra el menú.
The waiter shows me the menu.
El camarero me lo muestra.
The waiter shows it to me.
Nos sirven los platos.
They serve us the dishes.
Nos los sirven.
They serve them to us.
Maribel te pidió una hamburguesa.
Maribel ordered a hamburger to you
Maribel te la pidió.
Maribel ordered it for you.
The indirect object pronouns le and les always change to Se when they precede Lo, los, la, and las.
True
Le escribí la carta.
I wrote him/her the letter.
Se la escribí.
I wrote it to him/her
Les sirvió los entremeses.
He served them the hors d’oeuvres
Se los sirvió.
He served them to them.
Le pedimos un café.
We ordered him/her a coffee.
Se lo pedimos.
We ordered it for him/her.
Because Se has multiple meanings, you can clarify to whom the pronoun refers by adding a usted, a él, a ella, a ustedes, a ellos, or a ellas.
True
¿El sombrero? Carlos se lo vendió a ella.
The hat? Carlos sold it to her.
¿Las llaves? Ya se las di a ella.
The keys? I gave them to her.
Double object pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb. With infinitives and present participles, double object pronouns may be placed before the conjugated verb or attached to the end of the infinitive or present participle.
True
When double object pronouns are attached to an infinitive and present participles, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress.
True
Te lo voy a Mostrar
Voy a mostrartelo
Nos las están sirviendo
Están sirviéndonoslas
Me lo estoy poniendo
Estoy poniéndomelo
I am putting it on.
Se las van a traer
Van a traérselas
They are going to bring them to you.
Saber and conocer
Saber and conocer
Spanish has two verbs that mean to know, saber and conocer, but they are used differently. The yo forms of saber and conocer are irregular in the present tense.
True
Saber-to know how to do something.
Sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben
Conocer- to know someone
Conozco, conoces, conoce, conocemos, conocéis, conocen
Saber means to know a fact or piece(s) of information or to know how to do something.
True
No sé tú número de teléfono.
I don’t know your telephone number.
Mi hermana sabe hablar francés.
My sister knows how to speak French.
Conocer means to know or be familiar/acquainted with a person, place, or thing.
True
¿Conoces la ciudad de Nueva York?
Do you know New York City?
No conozco a tu amigo Esteban.
I don’t know your friend Esteban.
When the direct object of conocer is a person or pet, the personal a is used.
True
Ofrecer- to offer
Ofrezco, ofreces, ofrece, ofrecemos, ofrecéis, ofrecen
Parecer-to seem
Parezco, pareces, parece, parecemos, parecéis, parecen
Conducir-to drive
Conduzco, conduces, conduce, conducimos, conducís, conducen
Traducir- to translate
Traduzco, traduces, traduce, traducimos, traducís, traducen
Conducir and traducir are -ir verbs, so they differ from conocer in their nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms.
True
Comparatives and superlatives.
Comparatives and superalatives
Comparisons of inequality are formed by placing más (more) or menos (less) before adjectives, adverbs, and nouns and que (than) after them. When the comparison involves a numerical expression, use de before the number.
True
El té es más caro que el jugo.
Tea is more expensive than juice.
Luis se despierta más temprano que yo.
Luis gets up earlier than I (do)
Susana es menos generosa que su prima.
Susana is less generous than her cousin.
Tomo más clases que Enrique.
I take more classes than Enrique.
With verbs, use this construction to make comparisons of inequality: [verb] + más/menos que
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Mis hermanos comen más que yo.
My brothers eat more than I (do).
Antonio viaja más que tú.
Antonio travels more than you (do).
Arturo duerme menos que su padre.
Arturo sleeps less than his father (does).
Ana habla menos que yo.
Ana talks less than I (do).
The constructions tan + [adverb, adjective] + como and tanto/a(s) + [singular noun, plural noun] + como are used to make comparisons of equality.
True
Este plato es tan delicioso como aquél.
This dish is as delicious as that one.
Tu amigo es tan simpático como tú.
Your friend is as nice as you (are).
Yo comí tanta comida como tú.
I ate as much food as you (did)
Ustedes probaron tantos platos como ellos.
You tried as many dishes as they did.
Comparisons of equality with verbs are formed by placing tanto como after the verb. Tanto does not change in number or gender.
True
No duermo tanto como mí tía.
I don’t sleep as much as my aunt (does).
Estudiamos tanto como ustedes.
We study as much as you (do).
The noun is preceded by a definite article. De is equivalent to the English in or of.
True
El/la/los/las + [noun] + más/menos + [adjective] + de.
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Es el café más rico del país.
It’s the most delicious coffee in the country.
Son las tiendas menos caras de la ciudad.
They are the least expensive stores in the city.
The noun in a superlative construction can be omitted if it is clear to whom or what the superlative refers.
True
¿El restaurante El Cráter? Es el más elegante de la ciudad.
The El Cráter restaurant? It’s the most elegant (one) in the city.
Recomiendo la ensalada de papa. Es la más sabrosa del menú.
I recommend the potato salad. It’s the most delicious item on the menu.
The absolute superlative, which ends in -ísimo/a(s), is equivalent to the English extremely/very + [adjective/adverb]. For example: muchísimo/a(s) (very much), malísimo/a(s) (very bad), facilísimo/a(s) (extremely easy).
True
Rico = riquísimo
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