Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro > 5 - Pelvic Organ Prolapse (+ anatomy of pelvic floor) > Flashcards

5 - Pelvic Organ Prolapse (+ anatomy of pelvic floor) Flashcards

1
Q

define prolapse?

A

Protrusion of an organ or structure beyond its normal anatomical confines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define female POP?

A

the descent of the pelvic organs towards or through the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

effect of prolapse on multiparous women? (%)

A

12-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

effect of prolapse on nulliparous women? (%)

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

% of parous women with degree of prolapse?

A

~50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what % of gynaecological waiting lists is accounted for by POPs?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is indicated by prolapse at ~10%?

A

hysterectomies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which viscera is contained in abdomino-pelvic cavity?

A

abdominal and pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why must the walls of the abdomino-pelvic be flexible?

A

to withstand changes in volumes of these organs & pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 3 layers of pelvic floor?

A

endo-pelvic fascia

pelvic diaphragm

urogenital diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which layer of the pelvic floor is similar to a hammock structure?

A

endo-pelvic fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of tissue is present in the endo-pelvic fascia?

A

fibro-muscular connective-type tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which 3 structures are surrounded by the endo-pelvic fascia?

A

uterosacral ligaments

pubocervical fascia

rectovaginal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe flexibility of endo-pelvic fascia and the effects of this?

A

Fibro-muscular component can stretch (Uteroscarals)

Connective tissue does not stretch, therefore it breaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the location of the utero-sacral complex MEDIALLY?

A

medially to uterus, cervix, lateral vaginal fornices and pubocervical & rectovaginal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the location of the utero-sacral complex LATERALLY?

A

sacrum & fascia overlying the Piriforms muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does utero-sacral complex tend to break?

A

medially - @ the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the utero-sacral complex AKA?

A

Cardinal complex?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which tissue provides the main support of the anterior vaginal wall?

A

trapezoidal fibro-muscular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does the pubocervical fascia tend to break?

A

@ lateral attachments OR immediately in front of cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the pubocervical fascia merge with CENTRALLY?

A

base of cardinal ligaments and cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the pubocervical fascia associated with LATERALLY?

A

archus tendineus fascia pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the pubocervical fascia associated with DISTALLY?

A

Urogenital diaphragm

24
Q

which type of tissue makes up the rectovaginal fascia?

A

fibro-musculo-elastic tissue

25
Q

what does the rectovaginal fascia merge with CENTRALLY?

A

base of cardinal ligaments and peritoneum

26
Q

what is the rectovaginal fascia associated with LATERALLY?

A

fascia over the levator ani

27
Q

what is the rectovaginal fascia associated with DISTALLY?

A

firmly stuck to the perineal body

28
Q

where does the rectovaginal fascia tend to break?

A

centrally

29
Q

where does the rectovaginal fascia tend to break if there is an upper defect?

A

enterocele

30
Q

where does the rectovaginal fascia tend to break if there is a lower defect?

A

perineal body descent and retrocele

31
Q

How many levels of endopelvic support are there?

A

3

32
Q

components of level 1 of endopelvic support?

A

utero-sacral ligaments

cardinal ligaments

33
Q

components of level 2 of endopelvic support?

A

para-vaginal to arcus tendineus fascia

pubocervical fascia

34
Q

components of level 3 of endopelvic support?

A

Urogenital Diaphragm

Perineal body

35
Q

3 common risk factors of POP?

A

parity (increases as parity increases)

advancing age

obesity

36
Q

complication of Burch Colposuspension?

A

further surgery for prolapse

37
Q

what is the Burch Colposuspension procedure for?

A

to improve continence

38
Q

complication of hysterectomy?

A

vaginal vault prolapse

39
Q

5 other risk factors of POP?

A

Hormonal factors

Quality’ of Connective Tissue

Constipation

Occupation with Heavy Lifting

Exercise

40
Q

5 types of prolapse in traditional classification of prolapse?

A

urethrocele

cystocele

uterovaginal prolapse

enterocele

rectocele

41
Q

describe urethrocele?

A

Prolapse of the lower anterior vaginal wall involving the urethra only

42
Q

describe cystocele?

A

Prolapse of the upper anterior vaginal wall involving the bladder

(anterior wall prolapse)

43
Q

describe uterovaginal prolapse?

A

prolapse of the uterus, cervix and upper vagina

44
Q

describe enterocele?

A

Prolapse of the upper posterior wall of the vagina usually containing loops of small bowel

(apical prolapse)

45
Q

describe rectocele?

A

Prolapse of the lower posterior wall of the vagina involving the rectum bulging forwards into the vagina

(posterior wall prolapse)

46
Q

Typical symptoms of the vagina in women with pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Sensation of a bulge or protrusion

Seeing or feeling a bulge or protrusion

Pressure

Heaviness

Difficulty in inserting tampons

47
Q

Typical urinary symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Urinary Incontinence

Frequency/ Urgency

Weak or prolonged urinary stream/ Hesitancy/ Feeling of incomplete emptying

Manual reduction of prolapse to start or complete voiding

48
Q

Typical bowel symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Incontinence of flatus, or liquid or solid stool

Feeling of incomplete emptying/ Straining

Urgency
Digital evacuation to complete defecation

Splinting, or pushing on or around the vagina or perineum, to start or complete defecation

49
Q

3 aspects of assessment of POP?

A

Examination to exclude pelvic mass

Record the position of examination

Quality of Life

50
Q

Grading for assessment of POP?

A

Baden-Walker-Halfawy

51
Q

What is gold standard for assessment of POP?

A

POPQ score

52
Q

4 investigations for POP?

A

USS/MRI (imaging)

urodynamics

IVU

Renal USS

53
Q

4 methods of prevention of POP?

A

avoid constipation

effective management chronic chest pathology

smaller family size

improvements in antenatal and intra-partum care

54
Q

3 possible treatments for POP?

A

physiotherapy

pessaries

surgery

55
Q

in terms of pessaries, which material is advantageous and give 3 reasons why?

A

silicone:

long shelf-life

inertness

resistance to repeated cleaning

Repro (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions