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Flashcards in 5-Proteins Deck (20)
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0
Q

What are protein molecules?

A

Large molecules made up of chains of amino acids which are folded to produce a specific shape. This enables other molecules to fit into the protein.

1
Q

Name 2 examples of how proteins are used in the body.

A
  • They are structural components of tissues such a muscles.
  • Some hormones (insulin) are proteins.
  • Antibodies (part of defence system) are proteins.
  • Enzymes (biological catalysts) are proteins.
2
Q

Name 2 proteins and their functions.

A

Gamma Globulin Antibody-Part of body’s defence system
Haemoglobin-Transports oxygen
Insulin-Regulates blood glucose levels

3
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts which increase the rate of chemical reactions in an organism.
Also, amino acids folded into 3D shape which allows molecules to fit into enzyme.

4
Q

What do high temperatures do to most enzymes?

A

Denature/destroy them.

5
Q

Where are digestive enzymes produced?

A

From glands in the lining of the gut.

6
Q

What do digestive enzymes do?

A

Catalyse the breakdown of large to small molecules that can be absorbed.

7
Q

What are the three enzymes produced in the digestive system?

A

Protease, Lipase and Amylase.

8
Q

What is starch broken down to and by what enzyme?

A

Sugars by amylase.

9
Q

What is protein broken down to and by what enzyme?

A

Amino acids by protease.

10
Q

What are lipids (fats+oils) broken down to and by what enzyme?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol by lipase.

11
Q

What enzyme/s is/are produced in the salivary glands?

A

Amylase.

12
Q

What enzyme/s is/are produced in the stomach?

A

Protease.

13
Q

What enzyme/s is/are produced in the pancreas?

A

Amylase, Protease and Lipase.

14
Q

What enzyme/s is/are produced in the small intestine?

A

Amylase, Protease and Lipase

15
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

Produced in the liver but stored in the gall bladder.

16
Q

What are the 2 functions of bile?

A

Neutralise acid to produce alkaline conditions for enzymes.

Emulsify fats to increase SA and enable lipase to work faster.

17
Q

What are some uses of enzymes in the home?

A

Detergents may contain:

  • Protein-digesting enzymes to break down stains like food and blood
  • Fat-digesting enzymes to break down oil and grease stains
18
Q

What are some uses of enzymes in industry?

A
  • Proteases used to pre-digest protein in baby foods
  • Carbohydrases used to convert starch into sugar syrup
  • Isomerases used to convert glucose syrupinto fructose syrup which is sweeter. Used in slimming foods in smaller quantities
19
Q

Name some pros and cons of using enzymes at home/in industry.

A
Pros:
*can be used repeatedly
*faster
*saves energy (lower temperatures)
*made from easily grown microorganisms
*many applications
*tried and tested
*drugs for medicine made easily and on large scale
Cons:
*some people allergic
*often made in expensive fermenter
*some dislike them used in food
*water soluble so difficult to reclaim from liquid
*expensive