5.3 the internal organization of cells Flashcards

1
Q

what are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes Eukaryotes
nucleus no (nucleoid region) yes
transcription cytoplasm nucleus
cell men ad hopanoids (bacteria) sterols (cholesterol)
size small (1-2 micm) (large 10-20 micm)
organelles no yes

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2
Q

What are the different types of lipids that make up the cell membrane in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

prokaryotes
Hopanoids-similar to cholesterol

eukaryotes
Cholesterol which belongs to a group called sterols

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3
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

in bacteria, a small circular molecule of DNA carrying a small number of genes that can replace independently of the bacterial genomic DNA

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4
Q

How are plasmids transferred between bacteria?

A

Through the action of threadlike structures called pili. (how antibiotics are transferred)

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5
Q

what is an organelle?

A

any one of the several components of a eukaryotic cell that divides the cells contents into smaller spaces specialized for specific functions

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6
Q

What is the function of the (ER)?

A

Involved in protein and lipid synthesis

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7
Q

what is the function of the yogi apparatus?

A

modifies proteins and lipids produced by the ER and acts as a sorting station as they move to their final destination

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8
Q

What is the function of Lysosomes?

A

contain enzymes that break down macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and complex carbohydrates.

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9
Q

What is the function of a peroxisome?

A

contain many different enzymes and involved in many different metabolic reactions including the breakdown of fatty acids and synthesized types of phospholipids.

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10
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

a specialized organelle that harnesses energy for the cell.

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11
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

helps maintain the cells shape and serves as a network of tracks for the movement of substances in a cell.

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12
Q

What is the function of a cell wall in plants?

A

a ridged barrier providing support composed of polysaccharides

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13
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast in a plant cell?

A

converts energy of sunlight into chemical energy

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