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Immunology > 6- Development of B cells > Flashcards

6- Development of B cells Flashcards

1
Q

Where do B cells develop?

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

What do the B cells acquire during the first stage of B cell development?

A

Functional Ag receptors

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3
Q

Why is the second stage of B cell develolpment called “negative selection?”

A

Because it gets rid of B cells that react to the bodys own tissues

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4
Q

What occurs during the 3rd (positive selection) stage of B cell development?

A

Immature B cells compete for the limited # of sites in the follicles of the secondary lymphatic tissues.

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5
Q

Where do the B cells go in the fourth stage of B cell development?

A

The mature B cells travel in the blood and lymph looking for infection.

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6
Q

What occurs when an Ag binds to the BCR during the 5th stage of B cell development?

A

It leads to proliferation and clonal expansion of The Ag-specific B cell.

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7
Q

What do B cells morph into during the 6th stage of B cell development?

A

Plasma cells

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8
Q

What is the fxn of plasma cells?

A

They provide Ab’s that attack ongoing infection and create memory B cells for the quick killing of future infections.

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9
Q

What occurs when the B cell is a “pro B cell?”

A

Rearrangement of the heavy genes

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10
Q

What type of markers are identifiable in pro-B cells?

A

TdT, MHC-II, CD19, CD20, CD, 21, and CD40.

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11
Q

What is the first type of heavy chain produced in the “pre-B cell?”

A

μ heavy chain

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12
Q

What occurs when the B cell is a pre-B cell?

A

Rearrangement of the light chains.

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13
Q

What is expressed on the cell surface of immature B cells?

A

IgM (μ chains + light chains) + Igα & Igβ polypeptides

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14
Q

Which Ab is expressed on the cell surface on mature B cells?

A

IgD

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15
Q

Clinical Q: An analysis of B cells during development reveal cytoplasmic μ+. Which stage of B cell development are the B cells in?

A

Pre-B cells

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16
Q

Clinical Q: An analysis of B cells during development reveal surface IgD. Which stage of B cell development are the B cells in?

A

Mature B cell

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17
Q

Clinical Q: An analysis of B cells during development reveal no surface or cytoplasmic markers other than the normal CD20, TdT and MHC-II. Which stage of B cell development are the B cells in?

A

Pro-B cell

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18
Q

Clinical Q: An analysis of B cells during development reveal surface IgM and it’s the only Ab on the surface. Which stage of B cell development are the B cells in?

A

Immature B cell

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19
Q

Which Ab’s do memory cells have on their surface?

A

IgG, IgA, or IgE

20
Q

What is the fxn of stromal cells in B cell development?

A

They both make specific contacts with developing B cells and produce growth factors for the B cell.

21
Q

What is the function of the surrogate light chain?

A

It mimics an Ig light chain and forms the pre-BCR

22
Q

What happens if the μ chain assembles poorly with the surrogate light chain?

A

A functional BCR isn’t make and the cell dies by apoptosis

23
Q

What is the fxn of Btk (brutons tyrosine kinase)?

A

It’s involved with signal transduction and B cell development beyond the pre-B cell stage.

24
Q

What are λ5 & VpreB’s?

A

They are pre-BCR’s

25
Q

What are the functions of Igα & Igβ?

A

They form pre-BCR’s and BCR’s

26
Q

When are Igα &Igβ turned off?

A

When Ag-stimulated B cells differentiate into plasma cells.

27
Q

What is missing in an agammaglobulinemia patient?

A

Btk gene

28
Q

What is the clinical basis for agammaglobulinemia symptoms?

A

No Btk –> no circulating Ab’s –> recurrent infections

29
Q

What is the main fxn of CD5 B-1 cells?

A

They are weird B cells that make Ab’s against common bacterial polysaccharides.

30
Q

What type of disease is caused from B-1 cells that develop postnatally?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

31
Q

What stage of B cell development does B cell selection occur?

A

Immature B cells

32
Q

What is the purpose of B cell selection?

A

Get rid of B cells that react to self-Ag’s and keep those which express IgM and IgD for pathogenic Ag’s

33
Q

What happens to an immature B cell if it binds to self-Ag’s?

A

it’s signaled to continue light chain gene rearrangement or to die by apoptosis.

34
Q

Which chemokine attracts immature B cells in the blood to the HEV?

A

CCL21

35
Q

Which chemokines attract the B cells into the lymph node?

A

CCL21 and CCL19

36
Q

Which chemokine, secreted from folicular dendritic cells, attracts B cells into the primary follicle?

A

CXCL13

37
Q

What happens when immature B cells enter the follicle?

A

They interact with protein on FDC’s that signal their final maturation into a mature B cell. yay.

38
Q

Where in the lymph nodes do B cells mature to plasma cells?

A

Germinal centers

39
Q

What causes a B cell to differentiate into a plasma cell?

A

Activation by CD4 T cells.

40
Q

What type of Ab’s do plasma cells secrete?

A

IgM

41
Q

What is the job of the plasma cell?

A

They’re a memory cell that continuously synthesizes and secretes an Ab for an Ag that the body once encountered.

42
Q

Which stages of B cell development are “antigen independent?”

A

Stem cell –> pro-B –> pre-B –> Immature B –> mature B

43
Q

What are the “antigen dependent” stages of B cell development?

A

Mature B cell –> plasma cell or memory cell

44
Q

What are naive B cells?

A

They’re mature B cells that left the bone marrow but have not yet encountered its specific Ag

45
Q

What are memory cells?

A

They’re Ag-specific B cells that are produced from activated B cells during a primary infection

46
Q

What causes memory cells to differentiate into plasma cells?

A

Subsequent exposure to their specific Ag

Immunology (11 decks)

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