6.1 Acid-base Balance Flashcards Preview

Semester 3- Urinary > 6.1 Acid-base Balance > Flashcards

Flashcards in 6.1 Acid-base Balance Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is the range of healthy plasma pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45

2
Q

What is it called when pH drops below 7.35?

A

Acidaemia

3
Q

What is it called when pH rises above 7.45?

A

Alkalaemia

4
Q

What symptoms are felt in alkalaemia?

A

Paraesthesia- Ca2+ release

5
Q

What symptoms are felt in acidaemia?

A

Arythmyias- K+ release

Denatured proteins

6
Q

How is pH determined in the plasma?

A

Ratio of pCO2 and [HCO3-]

7
Q

What equation is used to work out pH of the plasma?

A

Hasselbach’s equation

8
Q

What is Hasselbach’s equation?

A

pH= pK + log( [HCO3-] /pCO2 x 0.23)

9
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypoventilation leads to a build up of CO2 which lowers the pH of the blood

10
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation leads to a loss of CO2 and therefore the pH increases

11
Q

What do central chemoreceptors detect?

A

Detect changes in pO2

12
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptor detect?

A

Detect changes in pCO2 and plasma pH

13
Q

How are changes in pCO2 compensated for?

A

Kidney can reabsorb or excrete HCO3-

Alter breathing

14
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

H+ reacts with HCO3- in the tissues to produce CO2
CO2 is removed at the lungs
[HCO3-] is lowered so pH drops

15
Q

How is metabolic acidosis compensated for?

A

Increase ventilation

16
Q

When may metabolic acidosis occur?

A

Exercise

17
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

Plasma HCO3- rises so pH rises

18
Q

When may metabolic alkalosis occur?

A

After vomitting lots

19
Q

Where is most of HCO3- reabsorption done in the kidney?

A

PCT

20
Q

How does HCO3- cross the apical membrane in the PCT?

A

Joins with H+ to become H20 and CO2. They diffuse into cell. Turns back into HCO3- when inside the cell

21
Q

How does HCO3- move across the basolateral membrane of the PCT cells?

A

Via Na-HCO3-co-transporter

22
Q

Which amino acid can be converted to HCO3-?

A

Glutamine

23
Q

What buffers the influx of H+ to the lumen as HCO3- is reabsorbed?

A

HPO4+

24
Q

How is the anion gap calculated?

A

Difference between ([Na+] and [K+]) and ([Cl-] and [HCO3-])

25
Q

What would a large anion gap suggest?

A

Metabolic acidosis

26
Q

What happens to potassium levels in metabolic acidosis?

A

Increase

27
Q

What happens to potassium levels in metabolic alkalosis?

A

Decrease