6.1 Blood Bourne Viruses Flashcards Preview

Semester 3- Infection > 6.1 Blood Bourne Viruses > Flashcards

Flashcards in 6.1 Blood Bourne Viruses Deck (16)
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1
Q

What is a retrovirus?

A

A virus containing RNA and which uses reverse transcriptase to replicate the RNA

2
Q

Which are of the body does HIV infect?

A

CD4 T cells

3
Q

What CD4 count would define someone as ‘severe’ HIV or having an AIDS defining illness?

A
4
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV?

A

Fever, weight loss, headache, liver and spleen enlargement, swollen lymph nodes, rash, vomiting, muscle pain

5
Q

List 4 HIV associated infections

A

TB, Osteoporosis, Heart disease, hepatitis C, yeast infections

6
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Sexual transmission
Sharing needles
Medical procedures
In utero or breast feeding

7
Q

How is HIV diagnosed?

A

Blood test looking for the antigen (of the virus) or antibody (from the immune system)

8
Q

What is HAART?

A

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Started when a patient gets AIDs defining illness

9
Q

What drugs make up HAART?

A

NRTI (eg. Tenofovir) + 2 of:

  • NNRTI (eg. Efavirenz)
  • Protease inhibitor (eg. Ritonavir)
  • Integrase inhibitae (eg. Raltegravir)
10
Q

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Vertically (mother to child)
Sexually
Needle pricks
Close, long-term contact with a sufferer

11
Q

What are the symptoms of Hep. B?

A

Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

12
Q

How can Hep B be diagnosed?

A

Liver function test

ALT/AST will be in the 1000s (v.high)

13
Q

What is the order of the antibodies produced for Hep. B?

A

Core antibody (IgM)
E-antibody
Surface antibody
Core antibody (IgG) (persists for life)

14
Q

What can chronic hepatitis B lead to?

A

Cirrhosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

15
Q

How is Hepatitis C spread?

A

Intra-venous drug use
Vertical transmission
Sexual contact

16
Q

What type of pathogen is HIV?

A

Retrovirus