6.2 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Pneumonia Flashcards Preview

Semester 3- Respiratory > 6.2 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Pneumonia > Flashcards

Flashcards in 6.2 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Pneumonia Deck (20)
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1
Q

Name 2 common bacteria found in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Viridans streptococci

Neisseria spp.

2
Q

What defences does the respiratory tract have against infections?

A

Mucociliary clearance mechanisms
Coughing
Sneezing
Immune system present in tonsils and pharynx

3
Q

List 3 things which may compromise the respiratory tract’s defences against disease?

A

Abnormal ciliary function- smoking
Abnormal mucous production- cystic fibrosis
Defects in host immunity- HIV
Poor swallow- muscle weakness

4
Q

What type of pathogen are upper respiratory tract infections caused by?

A

Viruses

5
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammation of the lung alveoli

6
Q

How will pneumonia present?

A

Fever
Cough
Pleuritic chest pain
Short of breath

7
Q

Where can pneumonia be found?

A

Lobes of the lung or bronchioles

8
Q

What are some clinical signs of pneumonia?

A

Cyanosis
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea

9
Q

How can pneumonia be prevented?

A

Stop smoking
Flu vaccine
Prophylaxis- oral penicillin or oral erythromycin

10
Q

What investigations can be done to confirm pneumonia?

A
ABG
Urea and electrolytes
Nose and throat swab
Full blood count
Blood culture
Urine culture
Chest xray
11
Q

What are the risk factors of getting pneumonia?

A

Travel
Animal contact
Immunocompromised
Lung disease

12
Q

How is pneumonia managed?

A
CURB65
Confusion
Urea >7mmol/l
Respiratory rate >30
Blood pressure
13
Q

What is the likely cause of community acquired pneumonia?

A

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

14
Q

How is community acquired pneumonia treated?

A

Mild to moderate- amoxicillin or erythromycin

Moderate to severe- co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

15
Q

What is the likely cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Pseudomonas spp
S. aureus
H. influenzae

16
Q

How is hospital acquired pneumonia treated?

A

Co-amoxiclav

Second line- meropenem

17
Q

What is atypical pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia caused by a bacterium with no cell wall

18
Q

How is atypical pneumonia treated?

A

Macrolides

Tetracyclins

19
Q

What is aspirated pneumonia?

A

When an exogenous material is aspirated into the respiratory tract.

20
Q

How is aspirated pneumonia treated?

A

Co-amoxiclav