(7.2) Contraception & Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

Suggest ways of contraception from a male.

A
  • Vasdectomy (prevent sperms into ejacuate)
  • Condom
  • Pre-ejaculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Suggest ways of contraception from a female.

A
  • Diaphragm (not completely fit)
  • Cap (completely fit)
  • Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (one type: Produces Progesterone or another type: Intrauterine Inert Copper interferes uterine enzymes)
  • Hormonal: Combined (progesterone + oestrogen), Progesterone Only Pill (POP), Depot Progesterone (3 monthly), Progesterone implants, Post-Coital (high dose within 72 hrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does hormonal contraception work? What types are there?

A
  • Progesterone -> viscous & acidic cervical mucous + -ve feedback to prevent follicle development
  • Oestrogen -> prevent +ve feedback in mid-cycle -> no LH surge
  • Combined
  • Progesterone Only Pill
  • Depot Progesterone (3 monthly)
  • Progesterone Impregnated
  • Post-Coital (high dose Progesterone within 72 hrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is infertility defined?

A

Failure to conceive within 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Suggest reasons of a female being infertile. How are they diagnosed?

A
  • Menopause - high FSH & LH + low Oestrogen
  • Hypothalamic/Pituitary Anovulation - low FSH & LH + high Oestrogen
  • Ovarian Anovulation - high FSH & LH + low Oestrogen
  • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - high LH:FSH ratio + normal Oestrogen (Follicles still develop, Inhibin only inhibits FSH)
  • Tubal obstruction e.g. Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases - Laprascopy/Hysterosalpingogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Suggest ways to treat infertile women due to Hypogonadotrophic Anovulation

A
  • Anti-Oestrogen
  • Gonadotrophin
  • GnRH Agonist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Suggest two different methods of barrier contraception.

A
  • Condom

- Cap or Diaphragm - keep sperms in acidic vagina longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suggest two different methods of natural contraception.

A
  • Self-enforced restraint

- Pre-ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Vasdectomy?

A
  • Divide Vas deferens on both sides to prevent sperms entering ejacuate
  • Need to wait few months make sure it works
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is Combined Oral Contraceptives better than Progesterone Only Pill? When is POP preferred?

A
  • POP does not regulate menstruation like combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) -> premenstural tension/dysmenorrhoea
  • Breastfeeding mom: Oestrogen inhibits Prolactin & Prolactin -> inhibits GnRH -> reduces Oestrogen
  • Women with risks of CVD: Oestrogen -> changes in lipids & cholesterol levels -> CVD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is rhythm method of contraception?

A

Can’t have sex 7 days before ovulation or 3 days after - avoiding days 7-16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is OCP contraindicated in breast feeding mother?

A

Oestrogen inhibits Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does Varicoele lead to infertility?

A

Dilated Pampiniform Plexus -> trapped sperms at high temperature -> die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long is the sperm viable in the vagina and cervix?

A

48-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Suggest reasons of a male being infertile.

A
  • Abnormal semen (Less than 20 ml / 20x10^6 sperms per ml)
  • Infection
  • Tubule obstruction
  • Hypothalmic/Pituitary dysfunction
  • Vasectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risks of using Intrauterine Contraceptive Device?

A
  • Infection/PID
  • Cramp
  • Infertility