[A] 1.51 Infiltrative processes during acute inflammation Flashcards Preview

Pathology A - General Pathology > [A] 1.51 Infiltrative processes during acute inflammation > Flashcards

Flashcards in [A] 1.51 Infiltrative processes during acute inflammation Deck (22)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Cellular infiltration

A

Acute inflammation

  • Neutrophils predominate in the first 1-2 days
  • These are then replaced by macrophages
2
Q

Chemotaxis

A

After extravasation, leukocytes emigrate in tissues toward the site of injury

  • Exogenous & endogenous substances can act as chemoattractants
3
Q

Exogenous chemoattractants

A

Bacterial products

4
Q

Endogenous chemoattractants

A
  • Components of the complement system
  • Cytokines
  • Arachidonic acid metabolites - Leukotriene B4
5
Q

Activation of leukocyte phagocytosis: Steps

A
  1. Recognition & attachment of the particle to be ingested by the leukocyte
  2. Engulfment → of phagocytic vacuole forms
  3. Killing or degeneration of the ingested material
6
Q

Intracellular degradation is either…

A
  • Oxygen-dependent
  • Oxygen-independent
7
Q

Oxygen-dependent degradation

A

Production of ROS

8
Q

Oxygen-independent degradation

A

Dependent on granule release

  • Containing proteolytic enzymes such as defensins, lysozyme and cationic proteins
9
Q

After phagocytosis, neutrophils undergo…

A

Apoptosis

  • They are then ingested by macrophages
10
Q

Increased erythrocyte diapedesis in dogs

A

Specific pathobiological inflammatory hallmark

  • Responsible for the haemorrhagic appearance of the purulent inflammatory fluid (Pus/exsudate)
11
Q

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) refers to…

A

Detecting antigens in the cell of a tissue

  • Exploits the principle of antibodies binding to antigens
12
Q
A

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

13
Q
A
  • CD68 (Cluster of differentiation 68)
  • IBA-1 (Ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)
14
Q
A

CD3

15
Q
A
  • CD79a
  • CD20
16
Q
A

C-Kit (CD117)

17
Q

Acute inflammation: Pathological tissue examples

A
  • Tumours
  • Granulation tissues = Angiofibroblast tissues
    • In/around pathological tissues
18
Q

Treatment of inflammation

A
  • Antibiotics & NSAIDs
    • Decreased inflammatory vascular & cellular reactions
    • Weaker histopathological reactions:
      • Decreased neutrophils & mast cells
      • Decreased microvascular exsudation
      • Decreased vasodilation & endothelial hypertrophy
19
Q

Give the outcomes of acute inflammation

A
  • Resolution
  • Abscess formation
  • Recurrence
  • Chronic inflammation (months-years)
20
Q

In which incidences does chronic inflammation arise?

A
  1. When acute inflammation fails to eliminate the inciting stimulus
  2. Repeated acute inflammation
  3. Persistent infection
  4. Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic exogenic/endogenic agents (silica-silicosis)
  5. Autoimmunity
21
Q

Morphological features of chronic inflammation

A
  1. Infiltration with mononuclear cells - Macrophages, lymphocytes & plasma cells
  2. Tissue destruction by persistent offending agent/inflammatory cells
  3. Healing by connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue (Fibrosis)
  4. Pathological inflammatory neoangiogenesis
22
Q

Hypercytokinemia

A

Cytokine storm

  • Cytokines signal & activate immune cells such as T-cells & macrophages to travel to the site of infection
  • The immune cells produce more cytokines
  • This loop is kept in check by the body
    • But might become uncontrolled

Decks in Pathology A - General Pathology Class (85):