Action Potential Conduction and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Action Potential Conduction and Synaptic Transmission Deck (14)
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1
Q

3 things that make an axon move slowly

A
  1. axon is leaky: low membrane resistance (k+ leak channels)
  2. Axon is sticky: there is negative chloride on the outside of the membrane that the ions can become attracted to which slows down conduction
  3. axon is thin: less cross-sectional surface area making more resistance
2
Q

What is myelin and how does it speed up the axon?

A

Myelin: lipid bilayer membrane made from glial cells

  • plugs leak channels which increases resistance
  • pushes Cl further from the membrane so the inside cannot be attracted to it
3
Q

What are the nodes of ranvier?

A

unmyelinated areas of the axon with lots of voltage gated channels allowing them to open and close

4
Q

What is saltatory Conduction?

A

when action potentials jump from node to node

5
Q

What is the difference between multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

Multiple sclerosis is when the myelin surrounding axons in the CNS becomes inflammed and attacked
Guillain-Barre Syndrome is when the myelin in the PNS is attacked by antibodies

6
Q

What are voltage gated calcium channels and what happens when a neurotransmitter binds?

A
  • ion channels that have to be activated by a neurotransmitter
  • when the channels are open the neurotransmitter is released
  • transmitter flows across the cleft due to diffusion
  • binds to receptor and undergoes a conformational change which opens the channels allowing the IONS to flow through
7
Q

What are the two ways calcium is kept low on the inside?

A
  1. calcium pump: uses energy to pump out calcium

2. Na/ Ca exchanger: lets sodium flow into the cell and that harnesses the energy to bump out calcium

8
Q

What is the glutamate receptor channel and what does it do? What kind of action potential does it initiate?

A
  • channel that when glutamate binds the channel opens to let sodium flow through
  • positive sodium ions are coming into the cell causes the cell to depolarize
  • K+ can leave through the cell but it has no reason to leave bc its already close to its equilibrium potential
  • causes an EPSP
9
Q

What is the GABA receptor channel? What kind of action potential does it initiate?

A
  • GABA binds to the channel and it is permeable to chloride
  • negative chloride ions are coming into the cell causing the cell to hyperpolarize
  • causes an IPSP
10
Q

Driving Force Equation

A

Ix = gx (Vm-Ex)

11
Q

What does a positive answer from the driving force equation mean?

A

+ current = outward
cell is losing positive charge
cell is gaining negative charge

12
Q

What does a negative answer from the driving force equation mean?

A
  • current = inward
    cell gains positive charge
    cell is losing negative charge
13
Q

What is the equation for spatial integrations?

A

Vx = Voe^-x/lambda

14
Q

What is the equation for temporal integrations?

A

Vx = Vo e^-t/T