I: Trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve, C1-C5 cord levels
I: Latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve, ventral rami C6-C8
I: Levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve, ventral ramus C5 plus ventral rami C3, C4
I: Rhomboid major
Dorsal scapular nerve, ventral ramus C5 plus ventral ramus C4
I: Rhomboid minor
Dorsal scapular nerve, ventral ramus C5 plus ventral ramus C4
I: Splenius capitis
Dorsal rami C3-C5
A: Splenius capitis
Laterally flex head and rotate face to side; bilaterally extend head
I: Splenius cervicis
Dorsal rami C5-C7
A: Splenius cervicis
Laterally flex and rotate neck; bilaterally extend neck
I: Iliocostalis lumborum
Dorsal rami lower thoracics, all lumbars
A: Iliocostalis lumborum
Extension, lateral flexion, rotation of lumbar spine; lateral movement of pelvis
I: Iliocostalis thoracis
Dorsal rami T1-T6
A: Iliocostalis thoracis
Extension, lateral flexion of thoracic spine
I: Iliocostalis cervicis
Dorsal rami T1, T2; rarely C8
A: Iliocostalis cervicis
Extension, lateral flexion, rotation of cervical spine
I: Longissimus thoracis
Dorsal rami thoracic and lumbar nerves
A: Longissimus thoracis
Lateral flexion thoracic spine and ribs (lumbar spine inadvertently); bilaterlally act in extension of thoracic and lumbar spine, hold thoracic and lumbar spine erect (increases lumbar lordosis); lateral movement of pelvis
I: Longissimus cervicis
Dorsal rami C4-C8; T1,T2
A: Longissimus cervicis
Lateral flexion of neck; bilaterally extend neck
I: Longissimus capitis
Dorsal rami C1-C3, sometimes C4
A: Longissimus capitis
Rotate and laterally flex head; bilaterally extend head
I: Spinalis thoracis
Dorsal rami thoracics and upper lumbars
A: Spinalis thoracis
Extend thoracic spine
I: Spinalis cervicis
Dorsal rami cervicals
A: Spinalis cervicis
Lateral flexion and rotations of cervical spine: bilaterally extend neck
I: Spinalis capitis
Dorsal rami lower cervicals; upper thoracics
A: Spinalis capitis
Lateral flexion and rotation of head; bilaterally extend head
I: Semispinalis thoracics
Dorsal rami T1-T6
A: Semispinalis thoracics
Extension, rotation, and lateral flexion of upper thoracics and lower cervical spine; bilaterally extend thoracic spine
I: Semispinalis cervicis
Dorsal rami C6-C8
A: Semispinalis cervicis
Extension, rotation and lateral flexion of cervical spine; bilaterally extend neck
I: Semispinalis capitis
Dorsal rami C1-C6
A: Semispinalis capitis
Turns face to side; bilaterally extend head (neck inadvertently)
I: Multifidis
Dorsal rami C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, sometimes S1
I: Rectus capitis posterior major
Suboccipital nerve, dorsal ramus C1
A: Rectus capitis posterior major
Turns face to side; bilaterally extends head
I: Rectus capitis posterior minor
Suboccipital nerve, dorsal ramus C1
A: Rectus capitis posterior minor
Extends head
I: Obliquus capitis superior
Suboccipital nerve, dorsal ramus C1
A: Obliquus capitis superior
Lateral flexion of head; bilaterally extends head
I: Obliquus capitis inferior
Suboccipital nerve, dorsal ramus C1
A: Obliquus capitis inferior
Turns face to side
I: Quadratus Lumborum
Ventral rami T12, L1-L3 or L4
A: Quadratus Lumborum
Steadies origin of diaphragm; when pelvis is fixed, it will laterally flex the lumbar spine; bilaterally extend the lumbar spine; stabilized and depresses the 12th rib
I: Serratus posterior superior
Intercostal nerves, ventral rami T2-T5
A: Serratus posterior superior
Elevate supper 5 ribs in inspiration
I: Serratus posterior inferior
Intercostal nerves, ventral rami T9-T11
Subcostal nerve, ventral ramus T12
A: Serratus posterior inferior
Draws lower 4 ribs down and back; forced inspiration
I: Longus colli
Ventral rami C2-C6, sometimes C7
A: Longus colli
Flexion and extension of neck; rotation to the contralateral side
I: Longus capitis
Ventral rami C1-C3
A: Longus capitis
Flex the head
I: Rectus capitis anterior
Ventral rami C1, C2
A: Rectus capitis anterior
Flex the head
I: Rectus capitis lateralis
Ventral rami C1, C2
A: Rectus capitis lateralis
Laterally flex the head to ipsilateral side
I: Anterior scalene
Ventral rami C2-C6
I: Middle scalene
Ventral rami C3-C8
I: Posterior scalene
Ventral rami C6-C8