Acute Myeloid Leukemia Flashcards Preview

IHO week 3 > Acute Myeloid Leukemia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Deck (26)
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1
Q

Two big difference in acute vs chronic myeloid leukemia?

A

actue

  • Rapidly fatal
  • IMMATURE cells (BLASTS)

chronic

  • ONLY in adults
  • MATURE cells
2
Q

Two causes of acute leukemia:

A
  • clonal expansion

- maturation failure (hence the immature cells)

3
Q

Worst problem caused by acute leukemia?

A

-crowding out of normal cells

also:
inhibit normal cell function
infiltrate other organs

4
Q

Clinical findings in acute leukemia:

A

Sudden onset (days)

Symptoms of bone marrow failure

  • fatigue (decreased RBCs)
  • Recurrent infx (leukocytopenia)
  • bleeding (thrombocytopenia)

Bone pain (expanding marrow)

Organ infiltration (liver, spleen, brain)

5
Q

What criteria must be met for AML dx?

A

at least 20% Blasts present among all nucleated cells

6
Q

Subclasses of AML involving the neutrophilic series:

A

M0
M1
M2
M3

7
Q

Subclasses of AML involving monocytic series:

A

M4

M5

8
Q

Subclasses of AML involving erythroid series:

A

M6

9
Q

Subclasses of AML involving megakaryocytic series:

A

M7

10
Q
  • lots of myeloblasts
  • “bland” looking cells
  • MPO negative
  • need markers for dx

What is it?

A

AML-M0

11
Q
  • lots of myeloblasts
  • no maturation
  • AUER rods
  • MPO positive

What is it?

A

AML-M1

12
Q
  • fewer myeloblasts but still at least 20%
  • maturing neutrophils
  • t(8;21) in some cases = better prognosis

What is it?

A

AML-M2

13
Q
  • lots of promyelocytes (at least 20%)
  • Faggot cells (a ton of AUER rods) **diagnostic!
  • DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) potential–>fatal
  • t(15;17) in ALL cases = best prognosis

What is it?

A

AML-M3

14
Q
  • lots of myeloblasts
  • lots of monocytic cells
  • extramedullary tumor masses (gums common)
  • inv(16) in some cases = better prognosis
A

AML-M4

15
Q
  • lots of monocytic cells (any stage)
  • NSE positive (non-speceific esterase stain)
  • M?A and M?B
  • extramedullary tumor masses

**tissue paper looking nuclei

A

AML-M5

16
Q
  • lots of erythroblasts
  • lots of myeloblasts
  • dyserythropoesis
A

AML-M6

17
Q
  • lots of megakaryoblasts
  • “bland” looking blasts
  • MPO negative
  • need cell markers for dx
A

AML-M7

18
Q

Three genetic abnormalities associated with relatively better AML prognosis:

A

t(8;21)

inv(16)

t(15;17)

19
Q

Genetic abnormality associated with poor AML prognosis:

A

11q23

20
Q
  • mutation associated with tyrosine kinase
  • present in 1/3 of AML
  • monocytic cells
  • POOR prognosis
A

FLT-3 mutation

21
Q
  • at least 20% blasts + dysplasia in at least 2 cell lines
  • severe PANcytopenia
  • elderly pts
  • chromosome abnormalities (5, 7)
  • POOR prognosis
A

AML with multilineage dysplasia

22
Q
  • previous chemo
  • 2-5 years to onset
  • very hard to treat
A

AML, Therapy Related

23
Q

Tx for AML:

A

Chemo

BM transplant

24
Q

What must be given before cytotoxins in AML with t(15;17)?

A

ATRA

**prevents DIC from lysis and systemic distribution of Auer rods

25
Q
  • abnormal stem cells
  • dysmyelopoesis
  • maybe incr blasts (less than 20%)
  • may evolve into AML
A

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

26
Q

3 clinical/lab findings in MDS:

A

older patients

asymptomatic or BM failure

MACROcytic anemia