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Flashcards in Airway Disorders Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is the most common cause of severe chronic lung disease in young adults?

A

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

2
Q

What is the hallmark lab finding in all CF patients?

A

Sweat Cl >60 on TWO occasions

3
Q

What is the typical CF pt look like (general appearance)?

A

Young patient who looks malnourished or who has a low BMI

4
Q

What is pathophysiology behind CF?

A

Its a genetic disorder that causes mucous buildup and tissue damage in the lungs due to abnormalities in a membrane chloride channel.

5
Q

Where do you hear the crackles in a CF patient? apical or base?

A

apical crackles

6
Q

Is there a cure for CF?

A

NO, you just basically treat symptoms and REFER to CF center!

7
Q

What are some symptoms that CF patients present with?

A
Chronic PRODUCTIVE cough
Dyspnea
Wheezing
low exercise tolerance 
Hemoptysis 
Chronic rhinosinusitis sx 
steatorrhea, diarrhea, abdominal pain
8
Q

What disease is caused by abnormal dilation and destruction of the bronchial walls?

A

Bronchiectasis

9
Q

Bronchiectasis favors M or W?

A

Women!

10
Q

What are some causes of Bronchiectasis?

A

CF!!, Obstruction, Infection

11
Q

Where do you hear the crackles in a patient with Bronchiectasis?

A

Bronchiectasis = BASE

12
Q

Patients with bronchiectasis have similar symptoms to those with CF, what is a unique sx of bronchiectasis?

A

FOUL smelling sputum

13
Q

What imaging modality best diagnoses Bronchiectasis?

A

HIGH RES CT!

14
Q

When you see imaging descriptions such as “tram tracks”, “ring shadow” or “gloved finger” you should think of what disease as part of your differential?

A

Bronchiectasis

15
Q

How do you treat Bronchiectasis?

A

EMPIRIC ABX- Amoxicillin
Inhaled bronchodilators - to help them breath due to mucous accumulation
HYDRATE
VACCINE

16
Q

Stridor is best heard on expiration or inspiration?

A

Inspiration, best over upper chest and back

17
Q

in severe bronchiectasis, what PE finding is always present?

A

Clubbing

18
Q

What is is the most common organism recovered from non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiectasis?

A

H. Flu –> this is why you need the vaccine in the management

19
Q

T/F. Cystic fibrosis patients have an increased risk of malignancies of the GI tract, osteopenia, and arthropathies?

A

true

20
Q

What are non-pulmonary disorders that are commonly seen in patients presenting with undiagnosed CF?

A

Pancreatitis and infertility

21
Q

Nearly all men with CF have congenital bilateral absence of what?

A

vas deferens with azospermia (remember infertility!)

22
Q

What kind of pattern is seen on PFTs with CF?

A

mixed obstructive and restrictive pattern

23
Q

What is the only definitive treatment for advanced CF?

A

lung transplant

24
Q

Beside the seasonal flu shot which other vaccine is recommended in CF patients?

A

pneumococcal.

25
Q

Death from cystic fibrosis is a result of:

A

pulmonary complications (pneumonia, pneumothorax, hemoptysis), or terminal respiratory failure and cor pulmonale.

26
Q

T/F. CF have a smaller incidence of atypical mycobacterial colonization.

A

False. Yearly screening with sputum acid-fast bacilli cultures is advised

27
Q

2nd highest death rate of CF, behind caucasians?

A

American Indians