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Dermatology > Allergy and the Skin > Flashcards

Allergy and the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the immune system

A

Defence against external and internal antigens

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2
Q

What are the consequences of the immune system

A

Intended destruction of antigen

Incidental collateral tissue damage

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3
Q

Define hypersensitivity

A

Immune response that causes collateral damage to self
Exaggeration of normal immune mechanisms
Pathophysiological basis for allergy and autoimmunity etc

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4
Q

When do allergic reactions occur

A

When a person’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment

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5
Q

What is the most common presentation of allergies

A

Urticaria

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6
Q

What is a possible reason for an increase in allergy

A

Hygiene Hypothesis

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7
Q

When does a Type 1 Allergic reaction occur

A

Immediate - minutes and up to 2 hours after exposure

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8
Q

What routes of exposure can cause a type 1 allergic reaction

A

skin contact (latex, animal dander)
inhalation (pollen, dust mite)
ingestion (nuts, seafood)
injection (bee sting, medication)

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9
Q

Define angioedema

A

localised swelling of subcutaneous tissue or mucous membranes

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10
Q

What investigations can be done for an anaphylactic reaction

A

Specific IgE - specificity and sensitivity
Skin prick or prick-prick testing
Challenge test
Serum mast cell tryptase level (during anaphylaxis)

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11
Q

What is the management for allergic reactions

A

Allergen avoidance
Prevent effects of mast cell activation (anti-histamines)
Anti-inflammatory agen (corticosteroids)
Adrenaline autoinjector (for anaphylaxis)
Immunotherapy
Medic Alert bracelet

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12
Q

What dosage of adrenaline should be given for a) adults and b) children

A

300ug for adults

150ug for children

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13
Q

Give 4 examples of non-allergic reaction

A

Coeliac’s (not mediated by IgE
Direct mast cell degranulation (morphine NSAIDs)
Metabolic (lactose intolerance)
Toxic (Scombroid fish toxin)

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14
Q

Describe a type 4 allergic reaction

A

delayed hypersensitivity which is antigen specific and T cell mediated

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15
Q

What can cause a type 4 allergic reaction

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

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16
Q

What is the onset of a type 4 allergic reaction

A

After 24-48 hours

17
Q

What can cause axillary dermatitis

A

Fragrance in deodorants

18
Q

Where is ACD to garlic found on the body

A

the first 3 fingers on the left hand because thats where you would hold it when cutting

19
Q

What 3 factors could be contributing in any dermatitis

A

Endogenous
Allergic
Irritant

20
Q

What is Irritant contact dermatitis caused by

A

The skin coming into contact with agents that arade irritate and traumatise the skin directly

21
Q

What is the management for Irritant contact dermatitis

A 
Allergen/ Irritant avoidance 
Emollients 
Topical steroids 
UV phototherapy
Immunouppressants

Dermatology (21 decks)

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