amino acids Flashcards Preview

Biochem > amino acids > Flashcards

Flashcards in amino acids Deck (35)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

all amino acids exist in the __ form

except what

A

L form

except glycine because it does not contain a chiral carbon

2
Q

what is a chiral carbon

A

different compounds at each binding site of the center carbon

3
Q

all amino acids are __

which means what

A

amphoteric

can act as acid or base

4
Q

what are the essential amino acids

A

PVT TIM HALL
phenylalanine
valine
tryptophan

threonine
isoleucine
methionine

hisitidine
arginine
leucine
lysine

5
Q

what amino acid is essential in children but not in adults

A

hisitidine

6
Q

what are the ketogenic amino acids

A

leucine and lysine

7
Q

lysine is precursor to what

A

carnitine

takes FA into mitochondria for B oxidation

8
Q

what are the aromatic amino acids

A

phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan

9
Q

which amino acid has an indole ring

A

tryptophan

10
Q

what are the sulfur containing amino acids

A

cysteine
cystine
methionine

11
Q

what is cystine

A

2 cysteine linked together

12
Q

what are the branched chained amino acids

A

isoleucine
leucine
valine

13
Q

what is maple syrup urine disease do to

A

cant break down branched chain amino acids

14
Q

what are the acidic amino acids

A

aspartic acid

glutamic acid

15
Q

aspartic acid is found in what neurtoxic compound

A

aspartame

16
Q

what are the basic amino acids

A

hisitidine
lysine
arginine

17
Q

what amino acids have the greatest positive net charge at normal pH

A

basic amino acids

histidine
lysine
arginine

18
Q

what are the limiting amino acids in

wheat 
cereal
rice 
legumes 
maize 
pulses 
eggs and chicken
A

wheat - lysine

cereal - lysine

rice - lysine

legumes - tryptophan

maize - lysine and tryptophan

pulses - methionine

eggs and chicken - no limiting amino acids

19
Q

what amino acid forms tyrosine

A

phenylalanine

20
Q

what enzyme deficiency causes phenylketonuria

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase

converts Phenylalanine to Tyrosine

21
Q

what are hormones created by tyrosine

A

tyrosine –> L dopa –> domaine –> norepinephrine –> epinephrine

T3, T4

22
Q

what amino acid forms melanin

A

tyrosine –> L dopa –> melanin

23
Q

how does albinism occur

A

cant convert L dopa to melanin

24
Q

what amino acid is precursor to dopamine

A

tyrosine

25
Q

what amino acid is precursor to catecholamines

A

tyrosine

26
Q

what amino acid forms T3 and T4

A

tyrosine

27
Q

what amino acid forms serotonin and melatonin

A

tryptophan –> serotonin –> melatonin

28
Q

what amino acid forms nicotinamide

A

tryptophan –> niacin –> nicotinamide

29
Q

for every 10kg of body weight, the person needs how much protein

A

8 grams per 10kg of body weight

30
Q

what is the pH when an amino acid has no net electrical charge

A

isoelectric point

31
Q

what is an amino acid called that is at its isoelectric point

A

zwitter ion

32
Q

what is glutathione made up of

A

glutamate
glycine
cysteine

33
Q

what mineral is needed for glutathione peroxidase

A

selenium

34
Q

what is the composition of insulin

A

2 polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bond

35
Q

what are examples of polypeptide, catecholamine, and steroid hormones

A

polypeptide hormones - insulin and glucagon

catecholamine - epinephrine and norepinephrine

steroid hormone - testosterone, cortisol, estrogen, progesterone