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Dermatology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of fascia

A

Superficial and deep

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2
Q

What is the difference between the two types of fascia

A

Superficial is made up of loose connective tissue and fat

Deep fascia is made up of dense connective tissue and a tough sheet.

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3
Q

Describe the appearance of the fascia lata

A

It is tight like a trouser leg. It doesnt allow the muscles to expand and instead holds them in place

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4
Q

What does the tight hold of the fascia lata result in during walking

A

The veins become compressed which helps with venous drainage

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5
Q

What are the 3 functions of the deep fascia of the limbs

A

inverts muscles
forms compartments separated by intermuscular septa
Venous return

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6
Q

Where is the deep palmar arch located

A

On the bones of the hand

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7
Q

The ulnar artery is superficial. true or false

A

True

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8
Q

The radial artery is superficial. True or false

A

False it is deep

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9
Q

What is the name of the vein on the lateral aspect of the upper limb

A

The cephalic vein

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10
Q

What is the name of the vein on the medial aspect of the upper limb

A

Basilic vein

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11
Q

What is the name of the vein that connects the cephalic vein and the basilic vein together

A

The median cubital vein

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12
Q

What 3 veins drain into the auxilary vein

A

Venae comitantes
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein

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13
Q

What vein is a great place to take blood from

A

The median cubital

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14
Q

What is the name of the deep branch of the femoral artery

A

Profunda femoris

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15
Q

The popliteal artery divides into 2 arteries. Name these

A

Posterior and anterior tibial arteries

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16
Q

What is the dorsal artery of the foot

A

Dorsalis pedis

17
Q

What does the posterior tibial become

A

Lateral plantar

18
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run

A

From the dorsal venous arch in front of the medial malleolus, anteriorly into the femoral vein

19
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein run

A

from the dorsal venous arch, behind lateral malleolus and up to the popliteal vein

20
Q

Describe the blood flow through veins

A

From superficial veins into deep veins through perforating veins

21
Q

What pushes the blood back towards the heart

A

Musculovenous pump

22
Q

What is the function of venous valves

A

To ensure unidirectional blood flow against gravity

Incompetent valves result in reverse flow into superficial veins

23
Q

How are varicose veins formed?

A

venous valves become weak and dilated over time

24
Q

What type of arteries are digital arteries

A

End arteries

25
Q

Why should an adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic not be used near end arteries

A

It can cause ischaemia of the digits

26
Q

Define ischaemia

A

Inadequate oxygenation of the cell/tissues/ organs due to an interruption to blood supply (either arterial or venous)

27
Q

What causes reduced arterial perfusion pressure

A

Left ventricular failure
arterial bleed
arterial rupture
arterial spasm

28
Q

What causes increased venous drainage pressure

A

Right cardiac failure
DVT
External compression (tumour)

29
Q

Where is the most common site for a venous ulceration

A

Gaiter area

Medial aspect of the distal leg

30
Q

What is the name of the lymph nodes near the elbow joint

A

Cubital nodes

31
Q

Lymphatics generally follow the arteries in the limbs. True or false

A

False - they follow the veins

32
Q

Lymph drains from the popliteal nodes to where

A

The superficial and deep inguinal nodes

33
Q

What is the standard method of removal of small skin lesions

A

Elliptical incision

34
Q

What are the 2 main complications of an elliptical incision

A

Nerve injury

Bleeding

35
Q

Along what lines is it best to make incisions along

A

Langer lines (skin tension)

Dermatology (21 decks)

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