Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the external nose

A
Above the eyebrows- root
Between the eyebrows- bridge
Top of the nose- Dorsum
Tip of the nose- apex
Side of the nose- Ala
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2
Q

Describe the cartilages and bones that make up the external nose

A

On the top- septal cartilage and nasal bone.
On the side- maxilla bone plus lateral cartilage.
Going down towards the apex- major and minor ala cartilage
Fibro.
Major and minor ala cartilage make up the Ala and at the bottom of these is fibre-fatty tissue.

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3
Q

What makes up the nasal septum?

A

Vomer bone inferiorly and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone superiorly.

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4
Q

What are ethmoidal air cells and where do they lie?

A

Ethmoidal air cells are sinus’s and they are lateral to the concha.

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5
Q

How many concha does the nose have?

A

Three.

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6
Q

What bones do each concha belong too?

A

Superior and middle are both ethmoidal bone.

Inferior concha is a bone in its own right.

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7
Q

where does the sphenoid sinus drain too?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess.

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8
Q

Where do the ethmoidal cells drain too?

A

Posterior ethmoidal cells- superior meatus
Anterior ethmoidal cells drain to the semilunar hiatus on the middle meatus.
Middle ethmoidal air cells- ethmoidal bulla on middle meatus.

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9
Q

Where do the frontal sinus’s drain too?

A

Middle meatus

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10
Q

Where do the maxillary sinus’s drain too?

A

Middle meatus

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11
Q

Where do the nasolacrimal ducts drain too?

A

Inferior meatus.

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12
Q

Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

Above the superior concha.

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13
Q

What sort of mucosa lies at the nasal vestibule?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium that is non-keratinised.

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14
Q

What sort of mucosa is at the top of the nasal cavity?and what is its function?

A

Olfactory epithelium

Allows you to smell.

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15
Q

What sort of mucosa lies at the back of the nasal cavity?

A

Respiratory epithelium- contains cilia that allow you to beat mucus towards the pharynx.

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16
Q

Where is the crista Galli?

A

It is a small projection on the ethmoidal bone above the cruciform plate.

17
Q

Describe how you have a sense of smell

A

Receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium bind to chemicals. They send signals through the cruciform plate to synapse with the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb then sends signals down the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe and other olfactory areas.

18
Q

Which nerve runs through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN 1)

19
Q

Which nerve supplies the somatic sensory to the anterior and superior nose?

A

Anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)

20
Q

Which foramen does the anterior ethmoidal nerve pass through?

A

Anterior ethmoidal foramen.

21
Q

Which nerve supplies somatic sensory to the posterior and inferior nose?

A

Nasopalentine nerve (CNV2)

22
Q

What foramen does the nasopalentine nerve pass through?

A

Sphenopalentine foramen.

23
Q

What artery(s) runs around the perimeter of the lips? Also which artery do they come from? Which artery does this come from?

A

Superior and inferior labial arteries.
Facial artery
External carotid artery.

24
Q

Which artery goes around the eye?

A

Ophthalmic artery.

25
Q

Which artery supplies the hard palate

A

The greater palatine artery.

26
Q

Which artery goes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen?

A

Anterior ethmoidal artery.

27
Q

Which artery originates from the sphenopalentine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine artery.

28
Q

Which artery supplies the nasal septum?

A

Posterior ethmoidal artery.

29
Q

What is Keisselbach’s area?

A

An area with lots of anastomoses between the arteries in the nose. Prone to epistaxis and bleeding. Located anterioinferiorly on the septum.