Flashcards in Anatomy Deck (194)
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1
how many cranial and spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial
31 pairs of spinal
-8 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar
-5 sacral
-1 coccygeal
2
how does the brain form
from the neural tube
at 4 weeks forms primary vesicles (pros, mes and rhomb -encephalons)
at 6-8 week form secondary vesicles
3
what does the telecephalon form
cerebral hemispheres
4
what does the diencephalon form
thalamus, hypothalamus
5
what does the mesencephalon form
midbrain
6
what does the metencephalon form
pons, cerebellum
7
what does the myelencephalon form
medulla oblongata
8
what makes up the brainstem
mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata
9
what makes up the diencephalon
thalamus + hypothalamus
10
what are the majority of neurones
multipolar with many dendrites and one axon
11
what is the soma of a neurone
contains the nucleus and cellular apparatus
12
what way is electric activity going in an axon
away from the cell body
13
what do glial cell do
support cells for CNS
14
what are the 4 types of glial cells
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
15
what do astrocytes do
support, maintain BBB, environment homeostasis
(star shaped)
16
what is the role of the BBB
prevents things in blood directly accessing parenchyma of the brain
17
is there connective tissue in the CNS
no- why you need glial cells
18
what is the role of oligodendrocytes
produce myelin in the CNS (not in PNS) (wrap cell membranes around axons to increase the speed of conduction)
19
what is the node of ranvier
a gap between two myelinated axon areas- APs skip from one node to the next
20
what is the role of microglia
(hemopoietic (bone marrow) origin)
immune monitoring and antigen presentation (when activates take on appearance of macrophages)
21
what are ependymal cells
ciliated cuboidal/ culomnar epithelium that line the ventricles
22
what is a gyrus, sulcus and fissure
gyrus- ridge in cerebral cortex
sulcus- groove in cerebral cortex
fissure- deeper than gyrus
23
what fissures does the brain have
lateral (2) and longitudinal
24
what is grey matter
has lots of neurones, cell processes, synapses and support cells
(forms outside of brain)
25
what is white matter
(medullary centre)
axons and their support cells
26
how can you identify the dorsal and ventral horns of the grey matter in the spinal chord
grey matter on inside
dorsal horn extends back towards the posterior surface of the spinal chord
ventral horn is a distance from the anterior surface of the spinal chord
27
what does the calcarine suclus demarcate
primary visual cortex
28
what is the corpus callosum
largest connection between the left and right hemisphere
a band of white matter
29
what is the fornix
band of white matter that goes into the hypothalamus
30
