Anatomy and Physiology I Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy and Physiology I Deck (25)
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1
Q

From where are CNS neurons derived?

A

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

2
Q

Where are ependymal cells located?

A

The inner lining of the ventricles (p.411)

3
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

To make CSF (p.411)

4
Q

From where are ependymal cells derived?

A

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

5
Q

From where are oligodendroglia derived?

A

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

6
Q

From where are astrocytes derived?

A

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

7
Q

From where are PNS neurons derived?

A

Neural crest cells (p.411)

8
Q

From where are Schwann cells derived?

A

Neural crest cells (p.411)

9
Q

From where are microglia derived?

A

Mesoderm (p.411)

10
Q

From where are macrophages derived?

A

Mesoderm (p.411)

11
Q

Do neurons have a progenitor stem cell population?

A

No (p.411)

12
Q

What part of the neuron receives input?

A

Dendrites (p.411)

13
Q

What part of the neuron sends output?

A

Axons and celll bodies (p.411)

14
Q

What stain can be used to detect dendrites and cell bodies?

A

Nissl substance stains RER and is used to detect dendrites and cell bodies (p.411)

15
Q

Why is Nissl substance not used to detect axons?

A

RER is not present in the axon (p.411)

16
Q

What happens when an axon is injured?

A

It undergoes Wallerian degeneration (p.411)

17
Q

What is Wallerian degeneration?

A

Degeneration distal to the injury and axonal retraction proximal to injury (p.411)

18
Q

What allows for potential regeneration of PNS axons?

A

Wallerian degeneration (p.411)

19
Q

Name five functions of astrocytes.

A

Physical support; repair; K+ metabolism; Removal of excess neurotransmitter; maintenance of BBB; reactive gliosis in response to injury (p.411)

20
Q

What marker can be used to detect astrocytes?

A

GFAP (p.411)

21
Q

What are microglia?

A

CNS phagocytes and scavenger cells that respond to tissue damage by differentiating into large phagocytic cells (p.411)

22
Q

Are microglia discernable by Nissl stain?

A

No (p.411)

23
Q

Descrive the cell structure of microglia.

A

Small irregular nuclei with little cytoplasm (p.411)

24
Q

What changes are seen in microglia infected by HIV?

A

Infected microglia fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS (p.411)

25
Q

What is the function of myelin?

A

To increase velocity of signals transmitted down axons (p.411)