Anatomy - Ankle Joint Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy - Ankle Joint Deck (13)
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1
Q

Ankle Joint

A
  1. Three bones

2. Three groups of ligaments

2
Q

Ligaments around the ankle

A
  1. deltoid ligaments (medial)
    - anterior tibiotalar
    - tibionavicular
    - tibiocalcaneal
    - posterior tibiotalar
    ++superficial deltoids: from anterior colliculus
    ++deep deltoids: from posterior colliculus and intercollicular groove
    ++main stabilizer during stance phase
    ++usually tears associated with fracture

ii. lateral ankle ligaments
- anterior talofibular (weakest)
- posterior talofibular (strongest)
- calcaneofibular
++commoner than medial, syndesmosis

iii. syndesmosis
- anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
- interosseus ligament
- posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
++known as high ankle sprain, common in athletes

3
Q

Structure in the anterior ankle

A
  1. tibialis anterior (Tom Medial)
  2. anterior tibial art, deep peroneal nerve (and)
  3. extensor hallucis (Harry)
  4. extensor digitorum (Dick Lateral)
  5. fibularis tertius
  6. superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

Tom Harry and Dick

4
Q

Structure in the medial ankle

A
  1. tibialis posterior (Tom Anterior)
  2. flexor digitorum longus (Dick)
  3. posterior tibial artery
  4. posterior tibial nerve (and)
  5. flexor hallucis longus (Harry)

Tom Dick and Harry

5
Q

Structure in the posterior ankle

A
  • tibia, fibular, talus, calcaneum
  • lateral to achilles: sural nerve, small saphenous vein
  • medial to achilles: PTA, PTV, Tibial merve
  • posteriorly: retrocalcaneal bursae, achilles tendon
6
Q

Structure in the lateral ankle

A
  • bones: tibia, fibula, calcaneum, talus
  • ligaments: lateral, syndesmosis
  • peroneal tendon behind fibular
  • superior, inferior retinaculum
  • sural nerve
7
Q

Ankle fracture classification

A

i. Weber
- according to level of fibular fracture, higher instability
- A: below syndesmosis
- B: level of syndesmosis
- C: above syndesmosis

ii. Lauge hansen
- according to mechanism of injury
- lateral/supinated (adduction, external rotation)
- medial/pronated (external rotation, abduction)

8
Q

Ligament Injury and its mechanism

A
  1. Eversion - medial group (rare, because strongest)
  2. Inversion - lateral group (ATFL)
  3. Dorsiflexion - CFL, PTFL
  4. Plantarflexion - ATFL
  5. Internal rotation - ATFL
9
Q

Insertion and attachment of ATFL

A

anterior edge lateral malleolus to neck of talus

10
Q

Insertion and attachment of CFL

A

tip lateral malleolus to posterolateral part of calcaneum

11
Q

Insertion and attachment of PTFL

A

posterior lateral malleolus to posterior part of talus

12
Q

Vascular structures crosses the ankle joint?

A
  1. Anterior tibial artery (anterior)
  2. Posterior tibial artery (behind medial malleolus)
  3. Calcaneal branch of peroneal artery
13
Q

Nerve crossing ankle joint

A
  1. Tibial nerve
    - medial plantar
    - lateral plantar
  2. Common peroneal nerve
    - superficial-> medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
    - deep -> first web space
  3. Saphenous
    - medial foot
  4. Sural
    - lateral foot