Anatomy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and Control of Movement Flashcards Preview

Neurology > Anatomy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and Control of Movement > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and Control of Movement Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Which is the only type of sensory information that can access the cortex without passing by the thalamus first?

A

Olfactory.

2
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebellum?

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

3
Q

Where in the skull can the cerebellum be found?

A

Posteror cranial fossa

4
Q

What are the structures which anchor the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

Peduncles - superior, middle (biggest) and inferior.

5
Q

What is the name of the area between the two sides of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
Molecular layer (outer)
Purkinje Cell layer (middle)
Granular layer (inner)
7
Q

Which cells of the cerebellum communicate with the brain to co-ordinat movement? (output)

A

Purkinje Cells

8
Q

What are the inputs to the cerebellum?

A

1) Spinal cord - proprioceptors, pressure re captors
2) Cerebral cortex
3) Vestibular apparatus

9
Q

What type of spinal tract does the cerebellum influence?

A

Motor

10
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere influences which side of the body?

A

Ipsilateral

11
Q

What does the midline of the cerebellum control?

A

Posture

12
Q

Where can the basal ganglia be found?

A

Base of each cerebral hemisphere

13
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

1) Facilitate purposeful movement
2) Inhibit unwanted movement
3) Posture & muscle tone

14
Q

At its very basis - what are the 5 subsections of the basal ganglia?

A

1) Caudate nucleus
2) Putamen
3) Globus Pallidus
4) Subthalamic nucleus
5) Substantia Nigra

15
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

A number of masses of grey matter.

16
Q

What is the striatum?

A

The caudate nucleus and putamen together.

17
Q

What is the lenticular nucleus?

A

The putamen and the globus pallidus together.

18
Q

What is the corpus striatum?

A

The caudate nucleus, putamen and globes pallidus together.

19
Q

Where is the substantial nigra located?

A

Midbrain

20
Q

What is the name for the disease causing degeneration of the dopaminergic neurone of the substantia nigra?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

21
Q

What is the outcome of the direct pathway in the basal ganglia?

A

Enhancement of desired movement

22
Q

What is the outcome of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia?

A

Suppression of unwanted movement

23
Q

Each basal ganglia corresponds to which side of the body?

A

Contralateral

24
Q

What are the symptoms of a basal ganglia lesion?

A

Change in muscle tone, tremor, myoclonus (muscle jerks)

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Akinesia (diminished voluntary movement), rigidity, resting tremor

26
Q

What autosomal dominant disorder causes progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex?

A

Huntington’s Disease