Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland Deck (26)
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1
Q

What do the thalamus and hypothalamus make up?

A

Diancephalon

2
Q

Where in the brain can the diencephalon be found?

A

central core of cerebrum

Connects to R+L hemispheres and midbrain

3
Q

What 3 areas make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla (oblongata)

4
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

A

the infundibulum

5
Q

What division of the pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior pituitary

6
Q

What embryological structure eventually develops into the anterior pituitary gland?

A
Rathke's pouch 
From Ectoderm (=> glandular tissue)
7
Q

What embryological structure eventually forms the posterior pituitary?

A

Infundibulum

From NEURAL ectoderm (=> neural tissue)

8
Q

What tumour is commonly found in the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Adenoma

9
Q

What 3 sections make up the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Pars distalis
Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia

10
Q

What section makes up the posterior pituitary

A

Pars nervosa

11
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located in the brain?

A

midline structure in pituitary fossa of sphenoid bone

12
Q

What does the pituitary gland lie immediately inferior to?

A

Optic chiasm

13
Q

What makes up the optic chiasm?

A

right & left optic nerves (CN II)

14
Q

Light entering what part of the retinae causes it to cross to the opposite occipital lobe?

A

Nasal Retinae

=> light coming from temporal visual field

15
Q

If a tumour grows from the pituitary and interrupts conduction at the optic chiasm, what can this cause?

A

Loss of vision in the temporal fields

=> Bitemporal Hemianopia

16
Q

How can a pituitary tumour be removed surgically?

A
Transcranial approach (subfrontal–under frontal lobe) 
Transsphenoidalapproach                                                  (via nasal cavities & sphenoid sinus)
17
Q

What bone is responsible for forming the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

18
Q

What parts of the ethmoid bone are found above the hard palate

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior nasal concha

19
Q

What are the air spaces around the ethmoid bone called?

A

Paranasal sinuses

20
Q

What bones must be broken for a transsphenoid/transnasal approach?

A

surgical fracture of the nasal septum and the floor (septum) & roof of the sphenoid sinus(es)

21
Q

What fracture can be more useful for surgical approach in more complicated cases

A

Le Fort Fracture 1

22
Q

What is the Dura Mater?

A

thick membrane adherent to the internal aspects of all the bones of the cranial vault

23
Q

What is similar to the dura mater but covers the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

** Has central gap to permit the brainstem to pass through**

24
Q

What is the name given to the dura mater found over the pituitary fossa

A

Diaphragm sellae

25
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A
  • Venous channels within the dura mater

- drain most of the venous blood from the cranial cavity (including the brain) into internal jugular veins

26
Q

What structure passes through the cavernous sinuses?

A

Internal carotid arteries `